2.1 unit 4

Question 1

norms?

Answer 1

what a society accepts as the acceptable standards/ rules of behaviour
eg giving a seat to the elderly

Question 2

values?

Answer 2

principles and guidelines for how we should love our lives
eg protect life/ right to life

Question 3

moral codes?

Answer 3

good ways of behaving, breaking them is considered as very serious by society
e.g. murder

Question 4

what are formal sanctions and who imposes them?

Answer 4

prison, fines, cautions
imposes by official bodies such as the police/ courts as formal rules are being broken

Question 5

what are informal sanctions and who imposes them?

Answer 5

disapproval, labelling, being left out
imposed by peers, family, school as they aren’t written rules that are broken

Question 6

what is social control?

Answer 6

organisations put rules into place to ensure society runs smoothly by preventing criminal and deviant behaviour. everyone is encouraged to conform to these rules.

Question 7

who enforces formal social control?

Answer 7

authorised organizations such as the police enforce formal social control by arresting someone

Question 8

who enforces informal social control?

Answer 8

carried out by informal agents such as family, peers, school
without stating any rules/ laws

Question 9

what are the 2 main formal of social control?

Answer 9

internal and external

Question 10

what is the internal form of social control?

Answer 10

our conscience regulates our behaviour with what we feel is accepted forms of behaviour
we internalize our thoughts in our heads to decide whether right and wrong fits with what our conscience is telling us

Question 11

what are the 4 forms of internal social control?

Answer 11

psychoanalytical theory
rational ideology
internalisation
socialisation

Question 12

what is the psychoanalytical theory?

Answer 12

our conscience is formed through our tripartite of personality
to have strong internal social control we have a high degree of moral conscience (superego)
if someone is heavily driven by the ID they are less likely to conform as they aft on impulse

Question 13

what is rational ideology?

Answer 13

social control is achieved through a system that uses logic (rational choice), reason and shared beliefs. our conscience knows right or wrong and we feel guilty about doing certain acts

Question 14

what is internalisation?

Answer 14

we don’t do something because we know we would feel bad as we look at consequences
this comes from learning social cues acts on thoughts feelings and expectations, beliefs

Question 15

what is socialisation?

Answer 15

we learn to behave in a socially accepted way by learning from upbringing, school, family, religion, tradition, culture etc.

Question 16

what are some agencies of external social control?

Answer 16

government, school, employers
set out rules for us to obey and give positive and negative sanctions based on what behaviour is displayed. based on op conditioning

Question 17

what are some agencies of external social control within the CJS?

Answer 17

police- stop, search, detain
court- bail, remmand accused, guiltt sentences
prison- detain prisoners for sentence, in prison sanctions eg solitary confinement
cps- charge and prosecute

can use legal sanctions to make individuals confrom

Question 18

what are the 2 ways that external social control is achieved?

Answer 18

coercion
fear of punishemnt

Question 19

what is coercion?

Answer 19

forcing someone to do/ not do something by fear or threat of force
can be physical or psychological
fearful of consequences such as arrest, agency powers

Question 20

what is dear of punishment?

Answer 20

links with coercion as fear of punishment is a way to achieve social control, based on operant conditioning

Question 21

what do right realists believe about fear of punishment?

Answer 21

threat of going to prison is enough to deter people from commiting crime,

Question 22

what is the name of walter reckless’ theory?

Answer 22

containment theoryw

Question 23

what is containment theory?

Answer 23

many are immune to the pull towards crime due to certain factors
inner containment- comes form family and up brining (self concept, goal orientation, norm retention and frustration tolerance)
outer containment- influences from peer groups, law, agencies of control

Question 24

what is the main point of hirschi’s social bond theory?

Answer 24

the stringer the bond between society and an individual the less likely they are to commit crime

Question 25

what is the 4 elements of social bond theory?

Answer 25

attachment
commitment
involvement
belief

Question 26

what is attatchment?

Answer 26

attachment of an individual to others if a person cares about others and their opinions they are less likely to commit crime

Question 27

what is commitment?

Answer 27

if committed to someone or something eg a job or partner in society we are less likely to commit crime as it decreases our social standing

Question 28

what is involvement?

Answer 28

being involved in conventional activities eg sports means the person is less likely to be criminal

Question 29

what is belief?

Answer 29

if socialized to believe that crime is bad, we are more likely to believe this and avoid breaking the law. attached to cultural goals and disapproval of others

Question 30

what are the feminist views on control theory?

Answer 30

heiderson - women are controlled by men in private by husbands and fathers and in public eg by employers, hierarchical structures which restricts their ability to commit crime hence why they are lower rates for women