2.1 Types And Features Of Earthquakes And Volcanoes

Question 1

Focus (origin)

Answer 1

Focus is the point where earthquakes are triggered from below the Earth’s surface where the rocks under great stress and pressure reach breaking point and make sudden jerking movements.

Question 2

The Ritcher scale

Answer 2

The Ritcher scale measures the amount of energy produced by an earthquake, the strength or the magnitude of an earthquake.

The scale number goes from 0 to 12 but the effects is ten times the energy of the previous one.

Question 3

Formation

Answer 3

A volcano is formed when a hole, crack or vent in the earth’s crust and allows molten rock (magma), solid rocks, steam and other gases to escape onto the Earth’s surface and into the air.

Question 4

Strato-volcano (composite cone volcanoes)

Answer 4

Strato-volcanoes are the most deadly of all volcano types. They often erupt with great violence, causing deaths and destruction, and usually occur in mountain areas where the great pressure can build up beneath the ground.

Strato-volcanoes (composite cone)

Question 5

Shield volcanoes

Answer 5

Shield volcanoes are much flatter than strato-volcanoes and are less violent, dramatic and damaging. This is because they are created where there is no great build-up of pressure so they erupt more often and are less explosive.

Shield volcanoes

Question 6

Active volcanoes

Answer 6

Volcanoes with regular eruptions

Question 7

Dormant volcanoes

Answer 7

Volcanoes which has not erupted for many years but activity can be detected inside

Question 8

Extinct volcanoes

Answer 8

Volcanoes that will not erupt again as no activity can be detected