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AP United States Government > 2.1 Test > Flashcards

2.1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Constituents

A

the people in a voting district for a representative or senator

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2
Q

Reapportionment

A

changing the number of seats each state has every 10 years to match census

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3
Q

Redistricting

A

redrawing congressional voting districts

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4
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Creating district lines in weird shape to favor a certain party or group

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5
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

EXPLICITLY given by Constitution
- tax
- raise an army
- coin money
- borrow money
- regulate interstate commerce
- declare war
- maintain army

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6
Q

Implied Powers

A

“Necessary & Proper Clause”
powers that can help them carry out the jobs Congress has
- environmental
- economic
- social
issues

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7
Q

Bicameral

A

two houses

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8
Q

Partisan

A

of one part

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9
Q

Incumbent

A

someone currently holding the office

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10
Q

Discretionary Spending

A

left-over money
must be authorized by Congress every year (military, education)

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11
Q

Mandatory Spending

A

must pay for this by law
- entitlement programs
- can only be changed by laws
2/3 of federal budget

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12
Q

Deficit Spending

A

spending more than Congress has

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13
Q

Senate Powers

A

Confirmation powers
- provide advice/consent to President for nominations and treaties
e.g. judicial nominations, executive agency heads, cabinet heads

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14
Q

President of the Senate

A
  • vice president of the United States
  • breaks tie
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15
Q

Senate Majority Leader

A

from majority party
- takes leadership role
- runs senate meetings
- sets agenda
- controls calender

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16
Q

Filibuster

A

long speech to delay action and prevent vote
- attempt to stall/kill a bill by talking for a very long time

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17
Q

Hold on bill

A

prevents bill from being discussed or debated = can’t vote

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18
Q

Cloture

A

3/5 vote to forcibly cut debate for bill

supermajority needed to pass controversial bills

brings bill to vote

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19
Q

Rider

A

non-germane (non-relevant) amendments added to bill

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20
Q

Unanimous Consent Agreement

A

agreement to waive senate rules, so we can debate quicker
–> pass bill faster than normal

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21
Q

House of Reps: Party Structure

A
  1. leadership has more power
  2. more rules, formal
22
Q

Committee Chairman

A
  • leader of a committee
  • always from majority party
23
Q

Speaker of the House

A

MOST POWERFUL IN CONGRESS
- runs meetings
- decides who can speaek
- schedules bills for debate
- help pass party legislation
- assigns committees

24
Q

House Rules Committee

A

make rules for debate & time limit for each bill
( are they allowed to make amendments or talk a lot?)

25
Q

House Floor Debate

A
  • more formal
  • germaneness: discussion must be relevant
  • time limit
26
Q

Discharge Petition

A

if your bill is trapped in the standing committee (decide if bill should be reported to floor),
majority house vote to have your bill come to the floor

27
Q

Standing Committee

A
  1. where bills are first introduced/assigned/proposed
    - edits & revisions
    - “is law necessary?”
    - vote to allow bill to continue
28
Q

Conference Committees

A

Senators & Reps
if senate and house pass different versions of laws, committee will revise to make one version

29
Q

Power of Purse

A

Congress creates and passes a federal budget

30
Q

Entitlements

A

benefits for people who are entitled to them by law (social security, medicaid)

31
Q

Porkbarrel spending

A

funding for specific district benefits
(jobs, programs)

32
Q

Logrolling

A

vote trading *
I’ll vote for a bill that helps your district if you vote for a bill that helps my district

33
Q

President Pro Tempore

Senate

A

member of majority party
- leads when president is gone

34
Q

House of Reps

Roles

A
  • all revenue-raising bills origin
  • reps relay constituent messages to DC
  • serve on committees
35
Q

House Majority Leader

A
  • has control over majority House party
  • responsible for party’s programs
36
Q

House Majority Whip

A

party leader
- pressures party members to vote with party
- responsible for getting party’s programs enacted

37
Q

House Minority Leader

A

party leader
- responsible for informing party members
- prganizes resistance to programs majority submits

38
Q

Committee of the Whole

A
  • relaxes debate rules of bill to quicken debate
39
Q

Gridlock

A

differing majority parties in legislation and even executive power that makes it very hard for compromises to be made.

40
Q

Lame Duck

A

presiden) in the final period of office, after the election of a successor.

other legislative branches are in different parties, so president doesn’

41
Q

Pocket Veto

A

When president ignores bill and does not sign it for 10 days,
if Congress is in session = BILL BEOMES AUTOMATTICALLY PASSED

42
Q

Ways & Means Committee

A

house committee that controls all taxes

43
Q

Trustee Model

A

believe voters entrusted them power
- use personal judgment when voting on bills

44
Q

Delegate Model

A

believes to be spokesperson
- only votes with party and voter opinions

45
Q

Politico Model

A

vote based on what they believe and the views of their constituents when voting on a bill

46
Q

Appropriations Committee

A

Appropriates funding for most of the functions of the federal government

senate

47
Q

Select Committee

A

temporary committee formed for specific purpose

48
Q

Joint Committee

A

involves members from both House and Senate

- Coordinate the efforts of each house of Congress on specific subjects

49
Q

Why is the legislative process slow in design?

A

Framers intended that this would prevent Congress from acting hastily and to make compromises

50
Q

Who can write a bill?

A

ANYBODY
members of Congress, staff, executive branch, interest groups, attorneys

BUT, must be introduced by member of Congress (sponsor)

AP United States Government (9 decks)

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