2.1 - TBI Pathophysiology - Intro to TBI Assessment Flashcards
Are TBI symptoms in children similar to those in adults?
Yes
Is the functional impact of TBI in children similar to that in adults?
No
Does research show that children recover better from TBI due to the greater “plasticity” of their younger brains?
No
In what population does TBI of similar severity have a greater impact: children or adults?
Children
Are Cognitive Impairments in children with TBI always immediately obvious after the injury?
Why or why not? (2)
No
They can become apparent as the child gets older and faces
There is increased cognition + new learning and more complex social behavior + expectations
What issues can children with TBI face when they return to school?
(3)
Educational and emotional needs are very different than before the
injury.
Their disability was sudden/traumatic. They remember how they were pre-morbidly.
Family, friends and teachers recall what the child was like before the injury
What are two important issues for young adults with TBI at the college level?
College may be considered by some an “unrealistic expectation”
Many colleges offer resources to assist college students with TBI
What 10 Physical Impairments may arise due to TBI?
Speech
Vision
Hearing
Headaches
Motor Coordination
Spasticity of Muscles
Paresis/Paralysis
Seizure Disorders
Balance
Fatigue
What 10 Cognitive Impairments may arise due to TBI?
ST Memory Deficits
Impaired Concentration
Slowness of Thinking
Limited Attention Span
Impairments of Perception
Communication Skills
Planning
Writing
Reading
Judgement
What 10 Emotional Impairments may arise due to TBI?
Mood Swings
Denial
Self-Centeredness
Anxiety
Depression
Lowered Self-Esteem
Sexual Dysfunction
Restlessness
Lack of Motivation
Difficulty Controlling Emotions
What is a concussion?
2
Trauma that causes a change in mental status
May or may not involve a loss of consciousness
What is a Grade 1 Concussion?
Person is confused but
remains conscious
What are the Signs of a Grade 1 Concussion?
3
Temporary confusion (dazed)
Unable to think clearly
Trouble following directions
How long does a Grade 1 Concussion last?
Symptoms clear within 15 minutes
What is a Grade 2 Concussion?
Person remains conscious, but develops amnesia
What are the Signs of a Grade 2 Concussion?
3
Temporarily confusion (dazed)
Unable to think clearly
Trouble following directions
How long does a Grade 2 Concussion last?
Symptoms last MORE than 15 minutes
What is a Grade 3 Concussion?
Person loses consciousness
What are the Signs of a Grade 3 Concussion?
Noticeable disruption
of brain function exhibited in physical, cognitive and behavioral ways.
How long does a Grade 3 Concussion last?
Unconsciousness for seconds or minutes
What other diagnosis does a Grade 3 Concussion overlap with?
mTBI
What is Post-Concussive Syndrome?
3
Acquired cognitive impairment
Due to severe closed head injury causing a significant concussion
Accompanied by specific neurobehavioral symptoms
What 8 symptoms are seen with Post-Concussive Syndrome according to the DSM IV?
Easily fatigued
Disordered sleep
Headache
Vertigo or dizziness
Irritability or aggression on little or no provocation
Anxiety, depression or affective lability
Changes in personality
Apathy or lack of spontaneity
What is a TBI Model System of Continuum of Care?
4
Acute Care
Rehabilitation Services
Outpatient/Day Services
Independent/Supported Living
What is a Level 1 Trauma Center?
24-hour in-house coverage by general surgeons, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, anesthesiology, emergency medicine, radiology, internal medicine, plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial, pediatric and critical care.
Referral resource for communities in nearby regions.
Incorporates a comprehensive quality assessment program.
Meets minimum requirement for annual volume of severely injured patients.
