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ECU Cognitive/Linguistic Impairment in Brain-Injured Adults > 1.1 - Introduction to Cognition > Flashcards

1.1 - Introduction to Cognition Flashcards

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1
Q

What 8 things are contained within the idea of “cognition”?

A

Attention

Memory

Organization

Planning

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Executive Function

Language

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2
Q

What is the Model A view of the relationship between cognition and language?

(6)

A

Attention

Memory

Organization

Planning

Executive Function

Language

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3
Q

What is the Model B view of the relationship between cognition and language?

(5)

A

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

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4
Q

What is Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?

(3 Stages)

A

Attention ->

Memory ->

Pragmatics + Higher Order Cognition + Language

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5
Q

What types of attention are importatnt in Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?

(4)

A

Selective

Sustained

Divided

Alternating

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6
Q

What types of memory are importatnt in Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?

(5)

A

Short Term

Long Term

Episodic

Procedural

Semantic

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7
Q

Why Do Models of Cognition Matter?

(4)

A

To understand normal processes + disruptions following injury or disease

To understand assessment + treatment approaches

To understand prognosis

To understand + manage turf wars between disciplines with “expertise” in cognition (OT, PT, SLP, Psychology, etc.)

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8
Q

SLPs are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.

Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.

A

Assessment/Treatment

Treatment

Speech + Language Performance

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9
Q

OTs are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.

Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.

A

Assessment/Treatment

Treatment

ADL/IADL Performance

  • ADL = Activities of Daily Living
  • IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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10
Q

Neuropsychologists are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.

Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.

A

Assessment/Treatment

Treatment

Language Performance

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11
Q

What can understanding brain anatomy help us to do to?

(2)

A

Clinicial information about brain injury along with sociodemographic information can predict/explain patient presentation

Observed patient presentation along with sociodemographic information can be traced back to clinical information

  • Clinicial Info = type, nature, severity of injury
  • Patient Presentation = observed behavioral symptoms
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12
Q

What is the difference between Injury + Disease?

A

Injury = Isolatated trauma to a structure

Disease = Condition of gradual onset, causes degenerative changes

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13
Q

What is the difference between Cortical + Subcortical?

A

Cortical = Grey matter, outer structures of brain

Subcortical = White matter, inner structures of brain

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14
Q

What is the difference between Diffuse + Localized?

A

Diffuse = Over a large area

Localized = Isolated to one area

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15
Q

What is the difference between Infarction + Ischemia?

A

Infarction = Tissue death

Ischemia = Tissue changes

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16
Q

What is the difference between Primary + Secondary Injuries/Diseases?

A

Primary = Arises spontaneously, not associated with or caused by a previous disease, injury, or event (e.g., dementia)

Secondary = Disorder that follows or results from an earlier injury or medical episode (e.g., AIDS)

17
Q

What is the difference between Proximal + Distal Injuries?

A

Proximal = Injury is nearby

Distal = Injury is in another area (e.g., swelling in other areas of the brain)

18
Q

What is the difference between Static + Progressive Injuries/Diseases?

A

Static = Chronic, non-progressive

Progressive = Increases in scope or severity, progressively worsening

19
Q

What is the difference between Acute + Chronic Injuries/Diseases?

A

Acute = Early stages

Chronic = Later stages

20
Q

What is a Penetrating TBI?

(2)

A

Open head injury (OHI)

Fracture or breach of the skull + damage to brain tissue

21
Q

What is a Non-Penetrating TBI?

(2)

A

Closed head injury (CHI)

Skull remains relatively intact

22
Q

Which results in higher mortality rates: Penetrating or Non-Penetrating TBIs?

A

Penetrating

23
Q

90% of TBIs are _________.

A

Non-Penetrating

24
Q

Can explosive blasts cause TBI?

A

Yes

25
Q

What four clinical signs constitutes an alteration in brain function?

A
  1. Lost or decreased conscienceness
  2. Loss of memory for event immediately before or after injury
  3. Neurogenic deficits
  4. Alterations in mental state at time of injury
26
Q

What are Neurogenic Deficits?

(5)

A

Muscle weakness

Loss of balance + discoordination

Disruptions in vision

Changes in speech/language

Sensory loss

27
Q

What are Alterations in Mental State?

(4)

A

Confusion

Disorientation

Slowed thinking

Difficulty with concentration

28
Q

What are 8 Cognitive Deficits associated with TBI?

A

Attention

Language + Memory

Executive function

Planning

Decision-Making

Language + Communication

Reaction Time

Reasoning + Judgement

29
Q

What are 9 Behavioral/Emotional Deficits associated with TBI?

A

Delusions

Hallucinations

Severe mood disturbance

Sustained irrational behavior

Agitation

Aggression

Confusion

Impulsivity

Social Inappropriateness

30
Q

What are 5 Motor Deficits associated with TBI?

A

Changes in muscle tone

Paralysis

Impaired coordination

Changes in balance

Trouble walking

31
Q

What are 2 Sensory Deficits associated with TBI?

A

Changes in vision + hearing

Sensitivity to light

32
Q

What are 5 Somatic Signs + Symptoms Deficits associated with TBI?

A

Headache

Fatigue

Sleep Disturbance

Dizziness

Chronic pain

ECU Cognitive/Linguistic Impairment in Brain-Injured Adults (23 decks)

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