1.1 - Introduction to Cognition Flashcards
What 8 things are contained within the idea of “cognition”?
Attention
Memory
Organization
Planning
Problem Solving
Reasoning
Executive Function
Language
What is the Model A view of the relationship between cognition and language?
(6)
Attention
Memory
Organization
Planning
Executive Function
Language
What is the Model B view of the relationship between cognition and language?
(5)
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
What is Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?
(3 Stages)
Attention ->
Memory ->
Pragmatics + Higher Order Cognition + Language
What types of attention are importatnt in Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?
(4)
Selective
Sustained
Divided
Alternating
What types of memory are importatnt in Dr. Ellis’s Model of Cognition + Language?
(5)
Short Term
Long Term
Episodic
Procedural
Semantic
Why Do Models of Cognition Matter?
(4)
To understand normal processes + disruptions following injury or disease
To understand assessment + treatment approaches
To understand prognosis
To understand + manage turf wars between disciplines with “expertise” in cognition (OT, PT, SLP, Psychology, etc.)
SLPs are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.
Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.
Assessment/Treatment
Treatment
Speech + Language Performance
OTs are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.
Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.
Assessment/Treatment
Treatment
ADL/IADL Performance
- ADL = Activities of Daily Living
- IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Neuropsychologists are trained in ___________ of populations with cognitive disorders.
Their emphasis is on ________, especially cognitive deficits and their influence on ___________.
Assessment/Treatment
Treatment
Language Performance
What can understanding brain anatomy help us to do to?
(2)
Clinicial information about brain injury along with sociodemographic information can predict/explain patient presentation
Observed patient presentation along with sociodemographic information can be traced back to clinical information
- Clinicial Info = type, nature, severity of injury
- Patient Presentation = observed behavioral symptoms
What is the difference between Injury + Disease?
Injury = Isolatated trauma to a structure
Disease = Condition of gradual onset, causes degenerative changes
What is the difference between Cortical + Subcortical?
Cortical = Grey matter, outer structures of brain
Subcortical = White matter, inner structures of brain
What is the difference between Diffuse + Localized?
Diffuse = Over a large area
Localized = Isolated to one area
What is the difference between Infarction + Ischemia?
Infarction = Tissue death
Ischemia = Tissue changes
What is the difference between Primary + Secondary Injuries/Diseases?
Primary = Arises spontaneously, not associated with or caused by a previous disease, injury, or event (e.g., dementia)
Secondary = Disorder that follows or results from an earlier injury or medical episode (e.g., AIDS)
What is the difference between Proximal + Distal Injuries?
Proximal = Injury is nearby
Distal = Injury is in another area (e.g., swelling in other areas of the brain)
What is the difference between Static + Progressive Injuries/Diseases?
Static = Chronic, non-progressive
Progressive = Increases in scope or severity, progressively worsening
What is the difference between Acute + Chronic Injuries/Diseases?
Acute = Early stages
Chronic = Later stages
What is a Penetrating TBI?
(2)
Open head injury (OHI)
Fracture or breach of the skull + damage to brain tissue
What is a Non-Penetrating TBI?
(2)
Closed head injury (CHI)
Skull remains relatively intact
Which results in higher mortality rates: Penetrating or Non-Penetrating TBIs?
Penetrating
90% of TBIs are _________.
Non-Penetrating
Can explosive blasts cause TBI?
Yes
What four clinical signs constitutes an alteration in brain function?
- Lost or decreased conscienceness
- Loss of memory for event immediately before or after injury
- Neurogenic deficits
- Alterations in mental state at time of injury
What are Neurogenic Deficits?
(5)
Muscle weakness
Loss of balance + discoordination
Disruptions in vision
Changes in speech/language
Sensory loss
What are Alterations in Mental State?
(4)
Confusion
Disorientation
Slowed thinking
Difficulty with concentration
What are 8 Cognitive Deficits associated with TBI?
Attention
Language + Memory
Executive function
Planning
Decision-Making
Language + Communication
Reaction Time
Reasoning + Judgement
What are 9 Behavioral/Emotional Deficits associated with TBI?
Delusions
Hallucinations
Severe mood disturbance
Sustained irrational behavior
Agitation
Aggression
Confusion
Impulsivity
Social Inappropriateness
What are 5 Motor Deficits associated with TBI?
Changes in muscle tone
Paralysis
Impaired coordination
Changes in balance
Trouble walking
What are 2 Sensory Deficits associated with TBI?
Changes in vision + hearing
Sensitivity to light
What are 5 Somatic Signs + Symptoms Deficits associated with TBI?
Headache
Fatigue
Sleep Disturbance
Dizziness
Chronic pain
