2.1 Structure of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What are the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

• Cytoplasm containing membrane-bound organelles
• DNA enclosed in a nucleus

Question 2

Cell membrane function

Answer 2

• Selectively permeable, enabling passage of substances in/out the cell
• Receptors on surface allow cell recognition/signalling

Question 3

Nucleus function

Answer 3

• Stores genetic information which codes for polypeptides
• Site of DNA replication
• Site of transcription, producing mRNA
• Nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 4

Ribosome function

Answer 4

• Site of protein synthesis

Question 5

RER

Answer 5

• Ribosomes synthesise proteins
• Folds/processes proteins
• Packages proteins into vesicles for transport

Question 6

SER

Answer 6

• Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 7

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 7

• Modifies proteins/lipids
• Packages proteins/lipids into vesicles for transport
• Produces lysosomes

Question 8

Lysosome function

Answer 8

• Release lysozymes
• To break hydrolyse pathogen or worn cell components

Question 9

Mitochondria function

Answer 9

• Site of aerobic respiration
• To produce ATP for energy release

Question 10

Chloroplast function

Answer 10

• Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• To produce organic substances

Question 11

Vacuole function

Answer 11

• Maintains turgid pressure in cell
• Sap stores sugars/amino acids/waste chemicals

Question 12

Cell wall function

Answer 12

• Provides mechanical strength
• Prevents cell bursting under pressure due to osmosis

Question 13

How are eukaryotic cells organised in multicellular organisms?

Answer 13

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems