2.1 structure of dna and rna Flashcards
Q: What does DNA stand for?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Q: What is the function of DNA?
A: It stores genetic information used in the development and functioning of living organisms.
Q: What is the structure of DNA?
A: DNA is a double helix formed by two antiparallel strands.
Q: What is the monomer of DNA?
A: Nucleotide.
Q: What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?
A: A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Q: What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
A: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
Q: What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
A: Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
Q: What are the complementary base-pairing rules in DNA?
A: Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).
Q: What bonds link nucleotides in a single strand of DNA?
A: Phosphodiester bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next.
Q: How are the two strands of DNA oriented relative to each other?
A: They are antiparallel (one runs 5’ to 3’, the other 3’ to 5’).
Q: What does RNA stand for?
A: Ribonucleic acid.
Q: How does the sugar in RNA differ from
A: RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose.
Q: What base is present in RNA instead of thymine?
A: Uracil (U) replaces thymine.
Q: Is RNA single-stranded or double-stranded?
A: RNA is single-stranded.
Q: What are the three types of RNA?
A: Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Q: What is the function of mRNA?
A: It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Q: What is the role of tRNA?
A: It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Q: What is the structure of tRNA?
A: It is a folded molecule with an anticodon at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other.
Q: Where is rRNA found, and what is its function?
A: It forms part of the ribosome and helps catalyze peptide bond formation during protein synthesis.
Q: How is RNA different from DNA in terms of stability?
A: RNA is less stable than DNA because it is single-stranded and has ribose sugar.
