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PE Skill Aquisition > 2.1 skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practice > Flashcards

2.1 skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practice Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven characteristics of a skill ACEFACE

A

Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficient
Fluent
Accurate
Controlled
Economical

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2
Q

Why are skill continua are used

A

Once classifying a skill it makes it easier to adapt practice to best suit the activity.

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3
Q

What is the open and closed continua

A
  • The extent in which the environment has influence over the skill
  • And open the skill is one performed in an unpredictable Environment
  • Closed skills are performed in a predictable environment
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4
Q

What is the gross and fine continua

A
  • The extent of muscles are used in the action
  • A gross skill is one that uses large muscle groups
  • A fine scale is one that uses smaller muscle groups
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5
Q

What is the self-paced and externally paced continua

A
  • The extent to which the performer has control of the scale and the rate of execution
  • Self paced skills or when the performer controls the start and the speed of the skill
  • Externally paced skills are when the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill
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6
Q

Explain the criteria of continuity: discrete, continuous and serial skills 

A

Discrete skills have a clear beginning and end
A continuous scale has no clear beginning and end
A serial skill is a skill that contains several discrete skills to make a more integrated movement

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7
Q

What is the high and low organisation continua

A
  • The extent to which the scale can be broken down into parts or subroutines
  • A low organise skill is one that can easily be broken into parts
  • A highly organise skill is one that is not easily broken into parts
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8
Q

What is the simple and complex continua

A
  • The degree of difficulty in terms of the amount of information needed to be processed
  • A simple skill is one that requires Few decisions when being performed
  • A complex skill requires decision-making using lots of information when performed
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9
Q

What are the four types of transfer of learning

A
  • negative
  • Positive
  • Zero
  • Bilateral
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10
Q

What is transfer of learning

A

The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another

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11
Q

What is positive transfer

A

When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another.
Tends to occur when the two skills are similar for example a netball pass and a basketball pass

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12
Q

What is negative Transfer

A

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another.
Occurs when the familiarity may cause confusion Like a tennis serve and a badminton serve

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13
Q

What is zero transfer

A

When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another.
When there is no similarities and no room for confusion. 

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14
Q

What is bilateral transfer

A

When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb.
A Right-footed footballer being Encouraged to use their left foot


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15
Q

What are the three methods of presenting practice

A

Whole Practice
Whole-part-whole practice
Progressive part practice

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16
Q

What is whole practice

A

Practising the skill in its entirety without breaking it into subroutines

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17
Q

When is it appropriate to use whole practice

A
  • When the skill is fast and discrete
    - The skill is highly organised and can’t be easily broken down
  • The skill is simple and doesn’t require much thought
  • The feel (Kinaesthesis) of the whole skill is required to be developed
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18
Q

Strengths of whole practice

A

+ Creates motor programs stored in the long-term memory containing mental images of the skill
+ More realistic than progressive-part practice as the skill is in its entirety
+ whole practice helps to make the skill consistent and means the skills are performed automatically 

19
Q

Disadvantages of whole practice

A
  • Places unnecessary demands on the performer, may not be suitable for a beginner
  • When there is a specific weakness to be worked on whole-part-whole practice might be more suitable
20
Q

What is whole-part-whole practice

A

Assessing the skill identifying a weakness to practice then putting the skill back together

21
Q

When should whole part whole practice be used

A
  • complex
  • fast
  • When the Skill is low organised but a weakness needs to be worked on
22
Q

Advantages of whole-part-whole practice

A

+ better for beginners or novices
+ helps correct weaknesses

23
Q

Disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice

A
  • time consuming
  • some skills cannot be broken down
24
Q

What is the progressive part practice

A

Practising the first part of the skill and then adding parts gradually

25
Q

When to use progressive part practice

A
  • skill is complex
  • skill is serial
  • skill is externally paced
  • skill is low organised
  • high risk of injury
26
Q

Strengths of progressive part practice

A

+ stages of success can keep performer motivated
+ reduces danger
+ reduces fatigue
+ reduces demand
+ can focus on weaknesses

27
Q

Disadvantages of progressive part practice

A
  • time consuming
  • possibility for negative transfer if the parts aren’t learnt well enough before moving to the next sub-routine
28
Q

What are the four types of practice

A

Massed practice
distributed practice
varied practice
mental practice

29
Q

What is massed practice

A

Practice with no rest intervals

30
Q

When is massed practice use

A

When the skill is
Discreet
Simple
Closed
Self paced


31
Q

Strengths of massed practice

A

+ Forms motor programs
+ Increases fitness
+ Good for developing habitual automatic responses
+ Efficient

32
Q

Disadvantages to massed practice

A
  • No time for feedback
  • fatigue
  • Too demanding
33
Q

What is distributed practice

A

Practice with a rest intervals between sessions

34
Q

When should distributed practice be used

A

When the skill is
Continuous
Complex
Low organised
Serial
Externally paced
Open
- this is because these classifications make the skill more demanding on the performer

35
Q

Strengths of distributed practice

A

+ Allows recovery
+ Less mental pressure
+ Allows mental rehearsal
+ Reduces risk of injury

36
Q

Disadvantages of distributed practice

A
  • Time-Consuming
  • Negative transfer
37
Q

What is varied practice

A

Changing the Practice type and practice drills

38
Q

When Should varied practice be used

A

When the skill is
Open
Complex
Externally paced 

39
Q

Advantages of varied practice

A

+ Can mimic the changing environment of open skills
+ Less boring and more motivating
+ Flexible
+ Builds schemas 

40
Q

Disadvantages of varied practice

A
  • Time consuming
  • Fatigue
  • Too demanding
41
Q

What is mental practice

A

Going over the movements in the mind

42
Q

When should mental practice be used

A

When the skill is
Serial
Complex

43
Q

Strengths of mental practice

A

+ Improves reaction time
+ Builds confidence
+ Builds motor programmes
+ Controls anxiety

44
Q

Disadvantages of mental practice

A
  • Relies on the performer having the correct mental image
    - Environment must be calm for performer to carry out mental practice

PE Skill Aquisition (2 decks)

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