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Core 2 > 2.1 Security Measures > Flashcards

2.1 Security Measures Flashcards

Summarise various security measures and their purposes

1
Q

Logical controls

A

Prevent or allow access to resources once a user’s identity has been established. Can be hardware or software.

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2
Q

Auditing of logical controls

A

Once-off; examining the controls and procedures in place

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3
Q

Monitoring of logical controls

A

Ongoing checks of the controls and procedures in place

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4
Q

Managerial controls

A

Focuses on the design of the security or the policy implementation associated with the security

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5
Q

List three controls that fall under ‘managerial’

A
  • Data classification and labelling
  • Personnel supervision
  • Security awareness training
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6
Q

Operational controls

A

Controls managed by people

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7
Q

Give two examples of operational controls

A

Guards at the front doors; security awareness training

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8
Q

Technical controls

A

Using own systems to prevent security events from occurring

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9
Q

Give two examples of technical controls

A

Firewall on the network; antivirus on workstations

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10
Q

Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of see-through fences

A

Employees and guards can see incoming threats; outsides can see inside the property

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11
Q

Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of non see-through fences

A

Outsiders are prevented from seeing in, but employees and guards can’t see incoming threats

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12
Q

What are some considerations when installing bollards?

A

Will they protect the most vital assets?
Do they still integrate with the environment so as not to be off-putting to customers/staff?

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13
Q

List two best practices for lighting

A

Always on and having motion sensors

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14
Q

Preventive control

A

Prevents access to a particular area

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15
Q

Give three examples of preventive controls

A
  • Locks on a door
  • Security guard
  • Firewall
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16
Q

Detective control

A

Identifies and records that a security event has occurred but may not be able to prevent access

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17
Q

Give two examples of a detective control

A
  • Motion sensor
  • IDS
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18
Q

Corrective control

A

Designed to mitigate any damage that has occurred because of a security event

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19
Q

Give two examples of a corrective control

A
  • IPS
  • Offsite backup
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20
Q

Deterrent

A

A security measure that may deter someone from performing and intrusion

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21
Q

Compensating control

A

Attempts to recover from an intrusion by compensating for the issues caused

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22
Q

Give two examples of a compensating control

A
  • Buying a new device and restoring from backup to replace an old one
  • Having a generator in case of loss of power
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23
Q

Physical control

A

Something tangible that would prevent the security event

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24
Q

Proximity alarm

A

Alarm that turns on when there is movement in a certain area

25
Q

Duress alarm

A

Can be manually triggered by someone when there is a threat

26
Q

What may a mechanically operated lock also be referred to as?

A

Cipher lock

27
Q

What is bad about fingerprint readers?

A

They are considered a hygiene issue

28
Q

Name two security measures that could be used to protect a data cabinet

A
  • Chassis lock
  • Faceplate
29
Q

List three types of badge readers that can be used as a way to log into a computer

A
  • Magnetic strip
  • Smart card
  • RFID
30
Q

Are badge readers contact or non contact based?

A

Contact-based

31
Q

DAC

A

Object access is determined via and access policy set by the object’s owner

32
Q

What are the two fundamental rules of DAC?

A
  • Every object in a system must have an owner
  • Each owner must determine the access rights and permissions for each object
33
Q

MAC

A

An access control policy that is uniformly enforced across all subjects and objects within the boundary of an information system

34
Q

What is the primary use case of MAC and why?

A

In organisations that deal with highly sensitive data (e.g. military, government, healthcare) because it has a high, centralised level of control

35
Q

How are MAC criteria defined and enforced?

A

Defined by the system admin and enforced by the OS or security kernel. They cannot be altered by end users

36
Q

What are the two factors that MAC considers when restricting access to a resource?

A

Sensitivity of information and authorisation level of the user

37
Q

RBAC

A

Users are assigned permissions based on their role (and placed in groups) rather than being assigned permissions individually

38
Q

Power user

A

A user with more rights than a normal user but not as many as an administrator

39
Q

Zero-trust

A

A security framework that requires ALL users inside or outside the organisation to be authenticated, authorised and validated

40
Q

What are the four steps to implementing a zero-trust framework?

A
  1. Reexamine all default access controls
  2. Employ a variety of prevention techniques and defense in depth
  3. Enable real-time monitoring and controls to identify and stop malicious activity
    4 . Ensure the network’s zero-trust architecture aligns with a broader security strategy
41
Q

MFA

A

Using two or more factors to prove a user’s identity

42
Q

What are the five factors of MFA?

A
  • Knowledge
  • Ownership
  • Characteristic
  • Location
  • Action
43
Q

TOTP

A

A computer algorithm that generates a one-time password using the current time as a source of uniqueness

44
Q

HOTP

A

Password is computed from a shared secret and synchronised across the client and the server

45
Q

In-band authentication

A

Identity signals that rely on the same system that is requesting user authentication (verifies within the primary channel)

46
Q

Out-of-band authentication

A

Uses a separate channel for verification

47
Q

Is in-band or out-of-band authentication more secure?

A

Out-of-band

48
Q

EMM

A

The set of people, processes and technology that enable centralised management and control of corporate mobile devices

49
Q

Give three elements of EMM

A
  • Tracking
  • Controlling
  • Securing
50
Q

Contrast EMM and MDM

A

EMM uses policies and tools to manage the entire mobile ecosystem, whereas MDM focuses on simple management of devices and uses more technical controls

51
Q

When would you set a phone to remote wipe?

A
  • Incorrect password entered too many times
  • Device attempts to connect to a network and doesn’t meet baseline requirements
52
Q

List 6 technical controls used in MDM

A
  • Application control
  • Password/passcode functionality
  • MFA requirements
  • Token-based access
  • Patch management
  • Remote wipe
53
Q

List 7 settings that can be used to manage security in the AD

A
  • Domain-based security
  • Security group
  • Organisational unit
  • Group policies
  • Login scripts
  • Home folders
  • Folder redirection
54
Q

How can you assign permissions to a security group in AD?

A
  • Group policies
  • Login scripts
  • Access control list
55
Q

What is an organisational unit

A

A way of dividing the domain into different administrative realms

56
Q

Group policies

A

Allow for configuration of computer and user profile settings

57
Q

Home folder

A

Private drive mapped to a network share

58
Q

Folder redirection

A

Redirecting the path of a known folder to a new location. Can be done manually or by group policy, and can be a local folder or a directory on a file share

59
Q
A

Core 2 (25 decks)

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