2.1 Reasons behind Urban’s appeal to go to the east Flashcards
What was Urban II’s primary goal as pope?
To revive the papacy and improve relations with Byzantium
What issues were addressed at the Council of Piacenza?
Simony & clerical marriage
Which emperor did Urban II reconcile with and when?
1089
Alexius I
How did Urban II handle King Philip I’s adulterous relationship?
Avoided immediate action, showing diplomatic skill
Who requested Urban II’s help against the Turks?
Emperor Alexius I of Byzantium
What made pilgrimages to Jerusalem difficult in the late 11th century?
Instability
Tolls
Robberies
Which event caused regional instability after 1092?
Death of Sultan Malik Shah
Why is Jerusalem significant to Christians?
Site of Jesus’ crucifixion & resurrection
What marks Muhammad’s ascension to Jerusalem?
The Dome of the Rock
Under muslim rule, what was the status of Christian pilgrims?
Tolerated & allowed to visit holy sites
Why was Jerusalem central to Urban II’s Crusade goals?
Symbolised the Church’s early purity & unity
What did Urban II prioritise more than helping Byzantium?
Freeing Jerusalem
What did crusaders receive for participating in the crusades?
Remission of sins (plenary indulgences)
How did Urban II view warfare?
As an act of penance comparable to prayer & fasting
Who was Kerbogha, and what happened to him at Antioch?
Atabeg of Mosul; his forces deserted him after failing to save Antioch
