2.1 Properties of Water Quiz Flashcards
main parameters to measure for water
temperature
salinity
pH
light/visibility/turbidity
oxygen concentration
two hydrogens and one oxygen form a ___ bond
covalent
water molecules bond by ___ bonds
hydrogen
which of water’s properties makes it sticky
cohesion
Fresh water freezes at __ and boils at __
0C, 100C
SaltWater freezes at __, and boils at __
-2C, 103C
salinity is the measure of
how much mass of salt(g) is in a volume(one liter) of water
ppt-parts per thousand
salinity of sea water
3-3.5%(30-35ppt)
solubility
the ability of a substance to be dissolved
Why is salt easily dissolved in water
NaCl bonds are ionic, while H2O bonds are covalent(stronger), salt breaks into ions
positive ions in the water come from
rock and soil erosion
negative ions in the water come from
magma(volcanoes/rain)
Two ways to measure salinity
gravimetrically- boil liter of salty water, and measure salt remnants
Light refraction refractometer
are ocean salt concentrations the same all around the world?
no
pH Scale
measures amount of free H+ in a solution
What is 0-7 on the pH scale
acid
what is 8-14 on the pH scale
base
what is a 7 on the pH scale
neutral(water)
What results in oceans absorbing CO2
the formation of carbonic acid, long term ocean acidification
Why does Ocean pH matter?
-enzymes and chemical reactions for metabolism in organisms require a narrow pH range
-pH affects dissolvability and transport of gases and ions across membranes
-biological structures like bone shells also affected by pH
How much CO2 do oceans absorb
25% of all emissions
turbidity of water
clearness, clarity of water
Why are acidic oceans a problem
acidic water dissolves shells, affecting shellfish, as well as affects behavior and senses of fish, and weakens coral reefs.
these and related problems affect the food chain and eventually humans
when light hits water
most is reflected, some is absorbed, and some transmitted
