2.1 - Progress 1960-52 Flashcards
How did the Greensboro sit-in begin?
How it started on Febuary 1st 1960 - 4 students sit in at Woolsworthe lunch counter only sitting down waiting to be served, staff asked students to leave, they refused and sat at the lunch counter until closing time
What was the event of the Greensboro sit-in in the following weeks?
By 4th Feb 300 students were working in shifts - black and white, male and Female. Spread to other restaurants and even went on to the news
What was the role of CORE and SCLC in the Greensboro sit-in?
Both orgs got asked to send people to train students in non-violent protest tactics. Ella Baker held a melting on 15th April 1960 to plan student protests across the south
What was created at Ella Baker’s meeting on the 15th April 1960?
At this melting, the Student Nonviolent Co-ordinating Comittee (SNCC) was set up, with the aim of using non- violent protest to campaign for civil rights
What was the significance of the Greensboro sit-in on Febuary 1960?
- Civil Rights group helped the sit - ins to spread rapidly young people inspired
- Some white southerners joined CORE and SNCC
- Sit-ins and other protest attracted about 50,000 protesters by mid april 1960
- Everything about a sit in was open to the media as it is in a public spare
- At first sit-ins were largely black student protests. Then other people such as college professors, and took part By the end of the year whites joined so it became a mixed race protest
- Showed importance of publicity
- Favoured news coverage
What happened on 1961?
In 1961, CORE activists decided to ride buses from the North to the Deep south on ‘Freedom Rides’ to test if desegregation was happening.
They aimed to spark a crisis and worldwide publicity so that federal government would force states to desegregate
How did organisations react to Freedom Riders?
Many southern state govenors and much of southern press spoke out against them - The KKK and WCC vowed to stop them
KKK firebombed bus in Anniston, buses attacked in Montgomery with little police protection, so riders arrested in Jackson, Missisipi
What happened after the firebombed bus in Anniston?
Freedom rider continued, federal government said that they would send federal troops if states did not desegrate bus facilities. The Southern States then began to desegregate bus facilities
What efforts were made to desegregate universities in 1956-62?
- Georgia 1961, East Carolina 1962, some Unis desegregated
- Supreme court ordering people to be admitted to universities
- Federal troops sent in
- Kennedy spoke on television saying they can ‘disagree with the law but not disobey it’,asked for calm too
What was the situation with James Meredith?
- 1962, re-applies to university which rejected him in May 1961
- NAACP challenge rejection just because he was black and Supreme Court ordered to admit him.
- Uni officials and Ross Barnet (states govenor) disobeyed supreme court ruling by physically stopping Meredith from registering. They were WCC members
What were the Events between September 1961 - Summer 1962 with James Meredith?
- 30th Sep, Meredith returns to register accompanied by 500 Federal officials. Though, mob over 3000 many armed attacked federal officials.
- JFK spoke on television and radio, calling for calm but ignored
- People supported Govenor Barnett against Federal Government
- Violence led to 300 injured and 2 deaths
- JFK sent Federal, troops to restore order
- 1 Oct - summer 1962- troops guard JM for the whole year until he graduated
What happened on August 1963 in regards to protest marches?
Washington DC was chosen as the protest march for the location because the white House and congress
Over 250,000 people, about 40,000 of them white, took part.
Despite fears that the protest would turn violent, it was peaceful and good humoured. It was broadcast on live television around the world.
