21. Normal Emotional and Behavioural Development in Childhood Flashcards
What are some aspects and drivers of development?
What are some theories of development?
Aspects: physical (growth, gross/fine motor, senses), cognitive, communication, emotional, social, moral, identify, gender role, sexuality.
Drivers: innate biological drive, learning theory (conditioning, social learning), cognitive developmental theories, psychoanalytic.
Temperament (personality traits), learning (classical conditioning/social), psychoanalytical, cognitive-developmental.
Describe the psychoanalytical theory of learning.
What are 2 famous psychoanalytic theories of learning?
Development driven by conscious and unconscious processes which develop and change over time via a series of stages.
1) Freud - psychosexual theory: basic unconscious sexual drive, personality structure develops over time (ego, Id, superego), developmental stages (oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital).
2) Erikson - psychosocial theory: development associated with managing common cultural demands placed on children, who progress through sequences of tasks/dilemmas. Resolving each develops an aspect of personality.
What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
What are the phases of attachment?
What is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
We have repertoire of built-in instinctive behaviours that elicit caregiving from others, parents have instinctive behaviours in response to these. Critical period for development of good attachment = 2-3 years old. Problems in parental response => later MH problems.
Pre-attachment (birth-6w), Attching in the making (6w-8m), Clear-cut attachment (6-8m - 1-2yr), Forming of reciprocal relationships (18m - 2yr)
4 stages of development during each children adapt and acquire new knowledge. BUT transitions can be partial. Stages not always in order.
What are the 4 developmental periods?
What happens in period 1?
What happens in period 2?
Infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence.
Sensorimotor stage: problem solving by maipulation of objects, differentation of self from object, understanding cause and effect, development of object permanence, gender ID and attachment. Erikson = trust vs mistrust stage. Freud = oral stage.
Piaget = pre-operational stage (use langauge to represent images and objects, ego-centric, inability to fous on >1 dimension of problems, animism). Erikson = autonomy vs shame/doubt, initiative vs guilt. Freud = anal, phallic. Also gender ID and moral development.
What happens in developmetal period 3?
What happens in developmetal period 4?
What are the clinical implications for the 4 developmental stages?
Piaget = concrete operational years (7-12), moral development. Erikson = industry vs inferiority. Freud = latent phase.
Piaget = operational, emotional development. Erikson = group ID vs alienation. Freud = genital phase. Also moral and gender and sexual development.
Infancy: importance of attachment behaviour in parents, parent-infant psychotherapy to improve emotional and behavioural outcomes for child. Early childhood: Learning important concepts about self can influence MH later, importance of supported learning, mastery and self worth. Later childhood: regulate own emotions and challenges more independantly. Adolescence: risk taking, long lasting emotional relationships, peer influence.
