2.1 Microbiology Flashcards
Define bacteriology
The study of bacteria which are one celled microorganisms
Define microbiology
The study of small living organisms called microbes
Two types of bacteria
1) nonpathogenic (non-disease producing)
2) pathogenic (disease producing)
Nonpathogenic bacteria
Harmless and can be very beneficial
Saprophytes
Nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease
What percentage of bacteria are nonpathogenic
70%
Many live on the surface of the skin
Pathogenic bacteria
Cause infection and disease and some produce toxins
Can be easily spread in the salon by using unsanitary implements dirty hands and fingernails
Three basic shapes of bacteria
1) cocci- spherical shaped cells which appear singularly or in groups
2) bacilli-most common form of bacteria cells, bar or rod shaped
3) Spirilla-spiraled, coil, corkscrew shaped cells
Three groups of cocci
1) staphylococci
2) streptococci
3) diplococci
Staphylococci
Pus forming bacterial cells that form bunches or clusters and are present in abeses pustules and boils
Group
Streptococci
Pus forming bacterial cells that form long chains that can cause septicemia also known as blood poisoning and other serious infections
Diplococci
Bacterial cells that grow in pairs and cause certain infections including pneumonia
Bacilli
Most common form of bacterial cells
Bar or rod shaped
Produce a variety of diseases including tetanus the flu typhoid tuberculosis and diptheria
Spirilla
Spiral or coil shaped cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis cholera and lime disease
How do you bacteria cause infections
Invade the body through breaking the skin or natural openings
An infection occurs when an insufficient number of antibodies are produced by the body’s immune system to fight the harmful bacteria
Two stages of bacteria growth
Active stage
Inactive stage
Active stage
Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly dark damp dirty areas where food is available
Cells grow and divide into two new cells (mitosis)
Inactive stage
Cells die or become inactive when conditions are unfavorable
Some form spores in the dormant stage that can withstand extremes
Bacteria return to active stage when conditions are favorable again
Movement of bacteria
Small size allows easy travel through air and water
Bacilli and spirilla use projections called flagella or cilia
Virus
Sub microscopic particles that cause familiar diseases
Human hepatitis B (HBV)
Highly infectious and Effects the liver
Vaccine preventable disease
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Disease caused by HIV which interferes with the body’s natural immune system
External parasites
Organisms that live on or obtain the nutrients from another organism called a host which generally cause harm to the host
Parasitic fungi
Molds and yeasts that produce contagious diseases such as ringworm and nail fungus and noncontagious conditions such as dandruff
Parasitic mites
Insects that cost contagious diseases such as scabies and head lice
Head lice
Pediculosis Capitis
Infection
When pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state
Communicable disease and contagious infection
Can be transmitted from one person to another usually through touch or through air
Common sources of spreading infection in the salon
Open sores Unclean hands and implements Coughing or sneezing Common use of drinking cups and towels Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas Unsanitary salon conditions
Two classes of infection
local infection
General or systemic infection
Local infection
Located in a small, confined area
Often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple or inflamed areal
General/systemic infection
Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and the toxins to all parts of the body
Asymptomatic carrier
A person who carries disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease
Universal precautions
Implementing the same infection control procedures for all clients regardless of symptoms or lack there of
Immunity
The bodies ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it
1) active immunity
2) passive immunity
Active immunity
Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to the disease
Passive immunity
Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them to his or her own immune system such as when a newborn acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta or immune globulin for rabies
