2.1 Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

Define bacteriology

A

The study of bacteria which are one celled microorganisms

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1
Q

Define microbiology

A

The study of small living organisms called microbes

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2
Q

Two types of bacteria

A

1) nonpathogenic (non-disease producing)

2) pathogenic (disease producing)

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3
Q

Nonpathogenic bacteria

A

Harmless and can be very beneficial

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4
Q

Saprophytes

A

Nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease

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5
Q

What percentage of bacteria are nonpathogenic

A

70%

Many live on the surface of the skin

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6
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

Cause infection and disease and some produce toxins

Can be easily spread in the salon by using unsanitary implements dirty hands and fingernails

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7
Q

Three basic shapes of bacteria

A

1) cocci- spherical shaped cells which appear singularly or in groups
2) bacilli-most common form of bacteria cells, bar or rod shaped
3) Spirilla-spiraled, coil, corkscrew shaped cells

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8
Q

Three groups of cocci

A

1) staphylococci
2) streptococci
3) diplococci

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9
Q

Staphylococci

A

Pus forming bacterial cells that form bunches or clusters and are present in abeses pustules and boils

Group

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10
Q

Streptococci

A

Pus forming bacterial cells that form long chains that can cause septicemia also known as blood poisoning and other serious infections

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11
Q

Diplococci

A

Bacterial cells that grow in pairs and cause certain infections including pneumonia

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12
Q

Bacilli

A

Most common form of bacterial cells
Bar or rod shaped
Produce a variety of diseases including tetanus the flu typhoid tuberculosis and diptheria

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13
Q

Spirilla

A

Spiral or coil shaped cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis cholera and lime disease

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14
Q

How do you bacteria cause infections

A

Invade the body through breaking the skin or natural openings

An infection occurs when an insufficient number of antibodies are produced by the body’s immune system to fight the harmful bacteria

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15
Q

Two stages of bacteria growth

A

Active stage

Inactive stage

16
Q

Active stage

A

Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly dark damp dirty areas where food is available

Cells grow and divide into two new cells (mitosis)

17
Q

Inactive stage

A

Cells die or become inactive when conditions are unfavorable

Some form spores in the dormant stage that can withstand extremes

Bacteria return to active stage when conditions are favorable again

18
Q

Movement of bacteria

A

Small size allows easy travel through air and water

Bacilli and spirilla use projections called flagella or cilia

19
Q

Virus

A

Sub microscopic particles that cause familiar diseases

20
Q

Human hepatitis B (HBV)

A

Highly infectious and Effects the liver

Vaccine preventable disease

21
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Disease caused by HIV which interferes with the body’s natural immune system

22
Q

External parasites

A

Organisms that live on or obtain the nutrients from another organism called a host which generally cause harm to the host

23
Q

Parasitic fungi

A

Molds and yeasts that produce contagious diseases such as ringworm and nail fungus and noncontagious conditions such as dandruff

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Parasitic mites
Insects that cost contagious diseases such as scabies and head lice
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Head lice
Pediculosis Capitis
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Infection
When pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body's normal state
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Communicable disease and contagious infection
Can be transmitted from one person to another usually through touch or through air
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Common sources of spreading infection in the salon
``` Open sores Unclean hands and implements Coughing or sneezing Common use of drinking cups and towels Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas Unsanitary salon conditions ```
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Two classes of infection
local infection | General or systemic infection
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Local infection
Located in a small, confined area Often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple or inflamed areal
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General/systemic infection
Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and the toxins to all parts of the body
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Asymptomatic carrier
A person who carries disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease
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Universal precautions
Implementing the same infection control procedures for all clients regardless of symptoms or lack there of
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Immunity
The bodies ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it 1) active immunity 2) passive immunity
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Active immunity
Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to the disease
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Passive immunity
Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them to his or her own immune system such as when a newborn acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta or immune globulin for rabies