2.1 Microbiology

Question 0

Define bacteriology

Answer 0

The study of bacteria which are one celled microorganisms

Question 1

Define microbiology

Answer 1

The study of small living organisms called microbes

Question 2

Two types of bacteria

Answer 2

1) nonpathogenic (non-disease producing)

2) pathogenic (disease producing)

Question 3

Nonpathogenic bacteria

Answer 3

Harmless and can be very beneficial

Question 4

Saprophytes

Answer 4

Nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter and do not produce disease

Question 5

What percentage of bacteria are nonpathogenic

Answer 5

70%

Many live on the surface of the skin

Question 6

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 6

Cause infection and disease and some produce toxins

Can be easily spread in the salon by using unsanitary implements dirty hands and fingernails

Question 7

Three basic shapes of bacteria

Answer 7

1) cocci- spherical shaped cells which appear singularly or in groups
2) bacilli-most common form of bacteria cells, bar or rod shaped
3) Spirilla-spiraled, coil, corkscrew shaped cells

Question 8

Three groups of cocci

Answer 8

1) staphylococci
2) streptococci
3) diplococci

Question 9

Staphylococci

Answer 9

Pus forming bacterial cells that form bunches or clusters and are present in abeses pustules and boils

Group

Question 10

Streptococci

Answer 10

Pus forming bacterial cells that form long chains that can cause septicemia also known as blood poisoning and other serious infections

Question 11

Diplococci

Answer 11

Bacterial cells that grow in pairs and cause certain infections including pneumonia

Question 12

Bacilli

Answer 12

Most common form of bacterial cells
Bar or rod shaped
Produce a variety of diseases including tetanus the flu typhoid tuberculosis and diptheria

Question 13

Spirilla

Answer 13

Spiral or coil shaped cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis cholera and lime disease

Question 14

How do you bacteria cause infections

Answer 14

Invade the body through breaking the skin or natural openings

An infection occurs when an insufficient number of antibodies are produced by the body’s immune system to fight the harmful bacteria

Question 15

Two stages of bacteria growth

Answer 15

Active stage

Inactive stage

Question 16

Active stage

Answer 16

Bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly dark damp dirty areas where food is available

Cells grow and divide into two new cells (mitosis)

Question 17

Inactive stage

Answer 17

Cells die or become inactive when conditions are unfavorable

Some form spores in the dormant stage that can withstand extremes

Bacteria return to active stage when conditions are favorable again

Question 18

Movement of bacteria

Answer 18

Small size allows easy travel through air and water

Bacilli and spirilla use projections called flagella or cilia

Question 19

Virus

Answer 19

Sub microscopic particles that cause familiar diseases

Question 20

Human hepatitis B (HBV)

Answer 20

Highly infectious and Effects the liver

Vaccine preventable disease

Question 21

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 21

Disease caused by HIV which interferes with the body’s natural immune system

Question 22

External parasites

Answer 22

Organisms that live on or obtain the nutrients from another organism called a host which generally cause harm to the host

Question 23

Parasitic fungi

Answer 23

Molds and yeasts that produce contagious diseases such as ringworm and nail fungus and noncontagious conditions such as dandruff

Question 24

Parasitic mites

Answer 24

Insects that cost contagious diseases such as scabies and head lice

Question 25

Head lice

Answer 25

Pediculosis Capitis

Question 26

Infection

Answer 26

When pathogenic bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state

Question 27

Communicable disease and contagious infection

Answer 27

Can be transmitted from one person to another usually through touch or through air

Question 28

Common sources of spreading infection in the salon

Answer 28

Open sores
Unclean hands and implements
Coughing or sneezing
Common use of drinking cups and towels
Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas
Unsanitary salon conditions

Question 29

Two classes of infection

Answer 29

local infection

General or systemic infection

Question 30

Local infection

Answer 30

Located in a small, confined area

Often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple or inflamed areal

Question 31

General/systemic infection

Answer 31

Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and the toxins to all parts of the body

Question 32

Asymptomatic carrier

Answer 32

A person who carries disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms of the disease

Question 33

Universal precautions

Answer 33

Implementing the same infection control procedures for all clients regardless of symptoms or lack there of

Question 34

Immunity

Answer 34

The bodies ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it

1) active immunity
2) passive immunity

Question 35

Active immunity

Answer 35

Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to the disease

Question 36

Passive immunity

Answer 36

Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them to his or her own immune system such as when a newborn acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta or immune globulin for rabies