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Homeric World: Culture > 2.1 Key sites > Flashcards

2.1 Key sites Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the dates for the Mycenaean age?

A

1600BC - 1150BC

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2
Q

Definition of the Mycenaean age?

A

Named after the city of Mycenae, is a general term to describe the period of time when many separate independent cities were powerful

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3
Q

What is the Mycenaean age also known as?

A

the Bronze age

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4
Q

how is bronze made?

A

when tin and copper are mixed together to make an alloy

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5
Q

Why is it hard to accurately date the Mycenaean age?

A

nothing was precisely dated and it was very similar to the Minoan age

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6
Q

How did historians date the Mycenaean age?

A

looked at pottery styles and compared them to Ancient Egypt where historical records where more accurate.
carbon dating for wooden objects

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7
Q

What three phases was the Mycenaean age divided into?

A

-the early period (1600-1400BC) in which burial were made in shaft graves
-the palatial period (1400-1250BC) where great palaces reached their peak
-the later period (1250-1150BC) when the palaces seem to have come under more attacks before suddenly being abandoned and destroyed

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8
Q

What age came after the Mycenaean age?

A

The Dark age or Iron age

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9
Q

Minoan civilisation

A

a civilisation based in Crete that influenced neighbouring areas (3500-1400BC)

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10
Q

Which mythological king was Mycenae home to?

A

Agamemnon who led the Greek Army against the city of Troy

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11
Q

What was the elevation of Mycenae?

A

40-50m

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12
Q

What was Mycenae built on and what were the advantages?

A

a hill, which was good for attack and visibility

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13
Q

What is Mycenae surrounded by?

A

Hills on the North and South and ravines on three sides

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14
Q

What is nearby Mycenae?

A

a naturally occurring spring

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15
Q

How far underground was the spring?

A

18m

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16
Q

What did they construct to access the spring?

A

a cistern

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17
Q

Why is the cistern useful?

A

provides water even if the city is under siege

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18
Q

What were the walls nicknamed?

A

the Cyclopean walls

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19
Q

what is corbelling?

A

a technique used to span a gap between two walls by placing increasingly larger blocks of stone onto each other, thereby creating a vaulted roof

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20
Q

what is an example of corbelling?

A

the passage which leads to the underground cistern and the roof
of the Treasury of Atreus

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21
Q

what is a cistern?

A

a tank used to store water

22
Q

where was the site of mycenae situated?

A

northeast peloponnese, Greece

23
Q

when was Mycenae built?

A

11th-17th Century BC

24
Q

what is the best preserved area of the wall in Mycenae like? (3)

A

-in the north of the city
-5.5m-7.5m thick
-estimated that it reached 12m tall.

25
Q

what materials was the city of Mycenae made out of?

A

limestone and conglomerate blocks

26
Q

what is the lion gate?

A

Entrance to ancient Mycenae.

27
Q

where are the oldest tombs found in Mycenae?

A

Grave Circle B

28
Q

who was found in Grave Circle B?

A

tombs seem to be from the royal family
tomb of clytemnestra was built over grave circle B 300 years later

29
Q

what are some of the graves in grave circle B marked by?

A

stelai

30
Q

what does Grave circle A contain?

A

6 shaft graves - 19 people buried in the grave circle

31
Q

how are the graves of circle a different to circle B? (3)

A

The shaft graves are bigger and deeper than that of circle B
dead buried with a vast quantity of precious objects
thought to be the burial place of rulers - renovations take under to honour previous rulers

32
Q

which tombs are just outside the city walls? (3)

A

-the tombs of clytemnestra and aegisthus,given the name by locals, clytemnestra and aegisthus werent actually buried there
-treasury of atreus - father of agamemnon

33
Q

what is the location of tiryns like? (2)

A

built on a hill - 18m above land which surrounds it
300m long, 45-100m wide

34
Q

when was tiryns built?

A

15th-13th century BC

35
Q

how tall were the cyclopean walls at tiryns?

A

originally 7m high, but extended to 10m during the mycenaean era

36
Q

what was on the walls and floor of the megaron?

A

floor - images of octopi and dolphins - plastered
walls - frescoes - rich ladies, hunting scene

37
Q

what is the evidence for Troy VI as Homer’s Troy? (5)

A
  • destroyed at the same time as the Trojan War - 1250/1200BC
  • rich city, large houses
  • stone walls - 7m high - “high walls of troy” - illiad
  • towers - referenced in illiad
  • large city - 10,000 people - thriving city
38
Q

what is the evidence against Troy VI as homer’s troy? (1)

A

destroyed by earthquake not fire

39
Q

what is the evidence for Troy VIIa as Homer’s troy? (6)

A
  • large towers
  • single storey housing - emergency housing for trojans as greeks
    attacking city
  • storage jars sunk deep into ground - store up food whilst under
    siege
  • destroyed by fire
  • human remains found - killed in warfare
  • 3 bronze arrowheads found
40
Q

what is the evidence against troy VIIa as homer’s troy? (2)

A
  • crammed housing - not rich like homer’s troy
  • sunken jars - not siege but lack of space
41
Q

what was the most important feature of the megaron?

A

the hearth - circular stone area - fire lit for religious purposes - hole
in roof to let smoke out

42
Q

what did the megaron contain? (5)

A

hearth, throne, entrance porch, vestibule, one or more courtyards

43
Q

Who supposedly founded Tiryns?

A

Proitos, brother of Acrisius whose grandson was Perseus who supposedly founded Mycenae

44
Q

Which mythical hero is Tiryns thought to be the birthplace of?

A

Heracles

45
Q

How far is Tiryns from Mycenae?

A

10 miles

46
Q

Where is Troy located?

A

NW Turkey

47
Q

What were an important part of the defensive structure of Mycenae?

A

The Sally ports

48
Q

Where were the two Sally ports located in Mycenae?

A

One in the North and one in the South of the city

49
Q

What was the function of the sally ports?

A

secret passages through which defenders could rush out and attack enemy soldiers

50
Q

How wide are the sally ports?

A

2.5m wide

51
Q

How were large blocks of limestone thought to have been moved?

A

-moved to higher areas by placing them on rollers
-raised through the construction of Earth ramps

52
Q
A

Homeric World: Culture (11 decks)

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