2.1 Hormones and Pheromones

Question 1

Androstadienone (AND)

Answer 1

A steroid molecule that has been identified by some researchers as a putative sex pheromone that signals maleness

Question 2

Estratetraenol (EST)

Answer 2

A steroid molecule that has been identified by some researches as a putative sex pheromone that signals femaleness

Question 3

Hormone

Answer 3

A chemical substance that carries messages from on part of the brain and body to another. It is synthesized in a gland and released into the bloodstream.

Question 4

Ethnocentrism

Answer 4

An ingroup-serving bias: positive behaviours by ingroup members tend to be internally attributed whereas negative behaviours receive a situational attribution; the reverse pattern is manifested when explaining positive and negative behaviour in an outgroup

Question 5

Ingroup favoritism

Answer 5

The tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups. Behaviour that is biased towords the benefits of the in-group.

Question 6

Pheromone

Answer 6

A chemical substance produced by the glands of an animal or insect that serves as a stimulus to other individuals of the same species for one or more behavioural responses

Question 7

Testosterone

Answer 7

A steriod hormone that is mainly produced in testes in men and ovaries in women. Has several behavioural effects such as agression, dominance, risk-taking, and decision making

Question 8

Endocrine system

Answer 8

A collection of glands distributed around the body that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to circulate the body, including the brain. These hormones regulate the metabolism of the body, and can affect cognitions, emotions and behaviour

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Hormone is made in the hypothalamus and is then secreated by the pituitary gland. It is produced by woman in large amounts during childbirth and breastfeeding. In psychology, oxytocin has been shown to be related to feelings of trust.

Question 10

Pituitary gland

Answer 10

A small gland, about the size of a pea, located at the bottom of the hypothalamus

Question 11

System 1 and system 2

Answer 11

Hypothetical systems of thinking that describe the relationship between intuitive thinking and rational analysis

Question 12

Vomeronasal organ (VNO)

Answer 12

A collection of neuros deep in the nose that transmits signals via acessory olfactory bulb to the hypothalamus in the brain (in animals, human do not have it)

Question 13

Xenophobia

Answer 13

The fear ad distrust of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

An important area top of the brain stem that is responsible for the manufacture and controlled release of several hormones, including oxytocin, by the pituitary gland