2.1 - Explain forms of social control

Question 1

Social control

Answer 1

Organisations put rules into place to be followed by society for it to run more smoothly

Question 2

Internal social control

Answer 2

Controls over behaviours within ourselves

Question 3

Examples of internal social control

Answer 3

Values, norms, traditions

Question 4

Theory of internal social control - Freud

Answer 4

Psychoanalytic -> conscience is made up of id (pleasure principle), ego (reality principle) & superego (morality principle)

Question 5

Internal social control - socialisation

Answer 5

• Internalise moral codes from society
• Occurs through interactions with family & close communities
• Leads to conformity

Question 6

Internal social control - rational ideology

Answer 6

• Internalise societal rules
• Used by ourselves to determine right/wrong
• Abide by law

Question 7

External social control

Answer 7

Controls over behaviour by social agencies

Question 8

Examples of external social control

Answer 8

Schools/education, family, agencies (CJS)

Question 9

Theory of external social control - operant conditioning

Answer 9

Behaviour reinforcements (positive & negative sanctions)
- Deter undesirable behaviours
- Reward desirable behaviours

Question 10

External social control - Coercion

Answer 10

• Threat of force to make someone do/stop something (typically physical/psychological harm)
• Includes fear of punishment
• Acts to deter people from committing crimes & obey the law

Question 11

Theory of social control - Walter Reckless

Answer 11

Containment theory - everyone has psychological tendencies to commit crime but adequate socialisation provides containment of the tendencies

Inner -> family & upbringing
Outer -> social, peer groups, law

Question 12

Theory of social control - Travis Hirschi

Answer 12

Control theory - people conform to societal norms due to strong bonds formed due to role of parents (emphasised importance)

Attachment, Commitment, Involvement & Beliefs