3.2 - Describe the contribution of agencies to achieving social control Flashcards
By Design - CPTED
Altering the environment decreases crime (structural & landscape analysis) - reduces opportunities & increase feelings of safety
CPTED circle
1) Access (locks)
2) Territoriality (fencing, clear ownership)
3) Physical maintenance (visually)
4) Order maintenance (systems work)
5) Surveillance (CCTV, security)
By Design - Prison design (Panopticon - Jeremy Bentham)
- Watchtower in center with security
- Prisoners around outer layer
- Unable to know if the security is watching them
- Encourages them to behave better as if they are being watched (fear)
By Design - Prison Design (Super Max)
- Maximum security level for dangerous criminals who threaten national security & general public
- UK: HMP Wakefield or Belmarsh
- Category A
By Design - Prison Design (Super-prisons)
- Extremely large in size but not necessarily security
- UK: HMP Berwyn (Cat C)
By Design - Prison Designs (Open prisons)
- Trusted to serve their sentence with minimal supervision & offer employment/education
- Category D
- UK: HMP Stanford Hill
By Design - Prison Design (Human ecological prisons)
- Example: Bastoy
- Allowed to live on island prison within 5 years of release if they are deemed fit to
- Recidivism: 16%
By Design - Broken Window theory
Wilson & Kelling
- Visible sign of crime creates an environment that encourages more crime & disorderly behaviour
Oscar Newman
- Defensible & Indefensible spaces
- E.g. block of flats (NY) -> 55% of crime committed in the public spaces (Damilola Taylor)
- Removal of overhead walkways -> 50% reduction
By Design - Lane Gating
- Lockable gates on alleyways & passages through housing
- Responsibility of home owners (ownership)
- Prevents crime occurring there (is it just displaced?)
