2.1: Evidence for relatedness Flashcards
How do analogous structures arise?
convergent evolution.
What is an analogous structure?
Where the function is the same, however the origin is different.
Give an example of an analogous structure.
Bug wings, bird wings and bat wings.
What do homologous structures arise from?
Divergent evolution.
What is a homologous structure?
Where the structure is the same but the function is different.
Give an example of a homologous structure.
Pentadactyl limbs.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A diagram that represents the evolutionary pathways leading to different species.
What can be used to establish relatedness?
Biological polymers, such as DNA.
What do differences in DNA sequences owe to?
They are owing to mutations.
How can fragments of DNA and protein be seperated?
Through gel electrophoresis.
How does gel electrophoresis work?
Gel allows small fragments to move, electrical charge causes negatively charged DNA to move to the positive electrode.
What exactly is used for comparison?
DNA fingerprint.
What do the nodes on a phylogenetic tree represent?
