2.1 Enzymes and digestion Flashcards
Name five major parts of the digestive system.
- Oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
- salivary glands
- pancreas
Describe the OESOPHAGUS.
Carries food from mouth to stomach. Made up of thick muscular wall.
Describe the STOMACH.
Muscular sac that has an inner layer which produces enzymes. Role to digest food, especially proteins. Also produces mucus, so that the stomach does not get digested by its own enzymes.
Describe the SMALL INTESTINE.
Is a long muscular tube. Food is further digested here by enzymes that are produced by its walls and glands. Inner walls of small intestine and folded into villi and micro villi to increase surface area. Absorbs products of digestion into bloodstream.
Describe the LARGE INTESTINE.
Absorbs water. Food therefore becomes drier and forms poo.
Describe the RECTUM.
Poos are stored here before being removed via anus in a process called EGESTION.
Describe the SALIVARY GLANDS.
near mouth. Contain amylase to break down starch into maltose.
Describe the PANCREAS.
gland below stomach. Contains proteases to digest proteins, lipase to digest lipids, and amylase to digest starch.
What is digestion (two things).
Physical breakdown and chemical digestion.
Why is physical digestion used to break down food?
So that there is a larger surface area for chemical digestion.
What does chemical digestion do?
Breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones, carried out by enzymes by HYDROLYSIS.
What does CARBOHYDRASES do?
Break down carbohydrates into MONOSACCHARIDES.
What does LIPASES do?
Break down lipids (fats and oils) into GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS.
What does PROTEASES do?
Breaks down proteins into AMINO ACIDS
