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Biology 2 > 21 - Enzymes > Flashcards

21 - Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A catalyst produced by a living thing

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2
Q

What are proteins?

A

Chains of amino acids

Structural components of tissues

Hormones

Antibodies

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3
Q

What is a lock and key diagram?

A

Images of a substrate fitting into an enzyme’s active site then being broken

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4
Q

What happens if an enzyme is too hot?

A

It gets denatured

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5
Q

What is commonly the best pH for enzymes to function at?

A

pH 7

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6
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The specific substance that fits into a certain enzyme

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7
Q

What is the active site?

A

The part of the enzyme that the substrate locks into

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8
Q

What is the structure called at before the enzyme breaks the substrate?

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

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9
Q

What is the optimum pH level for pepsin?

A

3

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10
Q

What is the optimum pH level for amylase?

A

7

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11
Q

What is the optimum pH level for orginase?

A

10

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12
Q

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the human body?

A

Around 37-40 degrees

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13
Q

Where are all digestive enzymes found?

A

Small intestine and pancreas

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14
Q

Where specifically is protease found?

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Where specifically is amylase found?

A

Salivary glands

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16
Q

What does lipase break down and produce?

A

Fats into fatty acids and glycerol

17
Q

What does protease break down into what?

A

Proteins into amino acids

18
Q

What does amylase break down into what?

A

Carbohydrates into simple sugars (aka glucose)

19
Q

What are two industrial uses of protease?

A

Pre-digestion in baby foods

Making stains water soluble in bio-detergents

20
Q

What two enzymes may be found in detergents?

A

Protease and lipase

21
Q

What is an industrial use of carbohydrase?

A

Converting starch syrup into valuable sugar syrup

22
Q

What is an industrial use of isomerase?

A

Converting glucose into sweeter fructose for slimming foods

23
Q

What does bile do?

A

Neutralises stomach acid in the small intestine so that the enzymes there can function

24
Q

3 processes where enzymes work within cells?

A

Respiration
Photosynthesis
Proteinsynthesis

25
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

To release digestive enzymes

26
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

To release bile and neutralise the stomach’s contents

Biology 2 (9 decks)

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