2.1 Cell Structure- Prokaryotic Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Smaller than eukaryotic
No nucleus
What do prokaryotic cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?
Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast Vacuole Cellulose Golgi Apparatus ER Lysosomes Carbohydrate Strorge
Why do prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria?
They are too large to fit in the cell.
How do the ribosomes differ to those in a eukaryotic cell?
They’re smaller at 70S instead of 80S
How does the cytoplasm differ to that of a eukaryotic cell?
It has no membrane bound organellese
How does the absence of a nucleus effect the cell composition?
Instead a circular DNA molecule is free in the cytoplasm and is not associated with proteins.
What is murein?
A glycoprotein that makes up a prokaryotic cell wall
What form is genetic material found in prokaryotes?
A circular strand of DNA
Smaller pieces of DNA called plasmids
What are flagella?
A tail like structure than enables to cell to swim
What surrounds the cell and why?
A cell wall as a physical barrier to substances, mechanical damage and osmotic lysis
A slime capsule for further protection
Give two properties of a virus?
Acellular
Non-living
Give the three main features of a virus particle?
Genetic material
Capsid (protein coat)
Attatchment proteins
What is a capsid?
The protein coat of a virus
Covered with attachment proteins that allow it to attach to a host cell (to multiply)
How are food reserves stored in a prokaryote?
Glycogen and oil droplets
What property of a prokaryote could help it to resist antibiotics?
Plasmids can reproduce themselves independently
Helps resistant to harmful chemicals
