2.1 cell structure

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe the structure and function of the nucleus

Answer 1

surround by a double membrane containing pores which allow molecules to leave and enter

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells:

Structure and function of cell wall (plants)

Answer 2

structure - made of polysaccharide cellulose

function - provides structural support for cell

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Structure: flattened sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface,

function: folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

structure: system of membrane bound sacs

function: produces and processes lipids

Question 5

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe the structure and function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Structure - series of fluid filled, flattened and curved sacs

Function - processes and packages lipids and proteins, also produces lysosomes

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe the structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 6

structure - oval shaped and bound by a double membrane called the envelope

function - contains all enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

Question 7

Eukaryotic cells:

Describe the structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 7

Structure - hollow cylinders containing microtubules around it at right angle of each other

Function - organism spindle fibres during cell division

Question 8

Eukaryotic cells:

Structure and function of ribosomes

Answer 8

structure - composed of 2 sub units

function - site of protein sythesis

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells:

Structure and function of lysosomes

Answer 9

structure - it’s a vesicle

function - containing digestive enzyme bound by single membrane

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells:

Structure and function of cytoskeleton

Answer 10

structure - made up of 2 protein fibres, microtubules and microfilaments

Function - provides mechanical strength
- aids in transport within cells
- enables cell movement

Question 11

Protein transport:

Where are proteins produced

Answer 11

In the ribosome

Question 12

Protein transport:

what happenes to proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

the RER folds and processes these proteins

they are then transported from RER to golgi apparatus in vesicles

Question 13

Protein transport:

WHat happens to the proteins in the Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

they are modified and packaged into vesicles to be transported around the cell where they require

Question 14

Protein transport:

By what process do proteins leave the cell

Answer 14

via exocytosis

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells:

Structure and function of cell wall (bacteria)

Answer 15

structure - made of peptidoglycan and murein,

function - prevents cell from bursting when it takes up water

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells:

Structure and function of capsule

Answer 16

structure - protective slimey layers surrounding the cell

function - helps cell maintain moisture and adhere to surfaces

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells:

Structure and function of plasmid

Answer 17

structure - small loops of DNA seperated from main circular DNA molecule

function - contains genes that can be passed between prokaryotes

Question 18

Prokaryotic cells:

Structure and function of flagellum

Answer 18

structure - long tail shaped structure that rotates

function - enables bacteria to move

Question 19

Prokaryotic cells:

Structure and function of pili

Answer 19

structure - hair like structures coming out of the surface of the bacteria

function - for attachment to other cells and surfaces; involved in sexual reproduction

Question 20

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells:

Whats the size difference between pro and eu cells? (THIS DOESN’T COUNT AS A STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE)

Answer 20

prokaryotic - 0.5 to 5 micrometers diameter

eukaryotic - up to 100 micrometers diameter

Question 21

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells:

What is the genome difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 21

Prokaryotes - DNA is circular with no protein, in cytoplasm

Eukaryotes - DNA associated with proteins formed into chromosomes

Question 22

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells:

What is the cell division difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 22

Prokaryotes - divide via binary fission, no spindle involved

eukaryotes - divide by mitosis or meiosis, spindle involved ot seperate chromosomes

Question 23

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells:

What is the ribosomes difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 23

Prokaryotes - 70s ribosomes

Eukaryotes - 80s ribosomes

Question 24

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells:

What is the cell wall difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 24

Prokaryotes - Made of peptidoglycan and murein

EUkaryotes - made of cellulose (plant cells) or chitin (fungi cells)