2.1 Biodiversity

Question 1

Define classification

Answer 1

The process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their charscteristics and evolutionary history

Question 2

Can the classification of an organism change?

Answer 2

Yes, the classification of an organism may change as new information becomes avaliable

Question 3

Name the 7 groups in the hierarchy of taxons from largest to smalest

Answer 3

Kingdom– Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species

Question 4

What is the 5 kingdom classification system?

Answer 4

The classification of organisms into 5 major kingdoms; Anamilia, Fungi, Plantae, Prokaryotae, and Protocista.

Question 5

What is the 3 domain classification system?

Answer 5

A method of classification in which organisms are catogrised into 3 groups; Archea, Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 6

How was the 3 domain system of classification developed?

Answer 6

• By analysing molecular differences between organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships
• Evidence showed that the kingdom ‘prokaryote’ could be divided into 2 groups. All other organisms are eukaryotes.

Question 7

What do organisms in the same domain have in common?:

Answer 7

Organisms in the same domain share a distinctive pattern or ribosomal RNA.

Question 8

What is Bacteria?

Answer 8

• One of the 3 domains
• Consists of ‘true’ bacteria
• Also known as Eubacteria

Question 9

What is Archea?

Answer 9

• One of the 3 domains
• Made up of primitive bacteria excisting in extreme enviroments
  *

Question 10

What is Eukarya?

Answer 10

One of the 3 domains, consists of all eukaryotik organisms

Question 11

Outline the feautures of the kingdom Prokaryote

Answer 11

Unicellular prokaryotes
Lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
rigid cell wall

Question 12

Outline the feautures of the kingdom of Plantae

Answer 12

• Multicellular eukaryotes
• Photoautotrophs
• Cellulose cell walls

Question 13

Outline the features of the kingdom Animalia

Answer 13

• multicellular eukaryotes
• no cell wall
• hetrotrophic
• nervous coordination

Question 14

Outline the functions of the kingdom fungi

Answer 14

• eukaryotes
• hetrotrophic
• chitin cell walls
• grow by producing filaments, hyphae
• asexual reproduction via spores

Question 15

outline the feautres of the kingdom Protocista

Answer 15

Mainly unicllular prokaryotes
no differentiation into tissues

Question 16

How are differnt types of evidence used in classification?

Answer 16

• observations (e.g fossils)- organisms grouped based on similar characteristics
• Biochemical methods- eg genetic fingerprinting

Question 17

What is DNA profiling?

Answer 17

• methods of determining the characteristics of an individuals DNA
• Percentage of DNA or proteins shared between speices is used to estimate relatedness

Question 18

State the advantage of using biochemical methods of classification

Answer 18

Biochemical methods reduce mistakes made from observing physical features alone (due to morphological convergence)

Question 19

compare homologous and analogous features

Answer 19

• homoogous feautres have evolved from the same strcture for different functions. They indicate a common ancestor
• Analogous features are structures that have evolved independently for the same function

Question 20

Give an example of a homologous feature

Answer 20

Pentadactyl limb (found in mammals, birds and reptiles)

Question 21

Give an example of an analogus feature

Answer 21

The wings of birds and insects

Question 22

Define species

Answer 22

A group of organisms that can be interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 23

What are the 2 bimomial name?

Answer 23

• generic name- the genus to which the organisms belong ( Capitalise)
• specific name- the specicies the organisms belongs to
  *

Question 24

What is the advantage of the binomial naming system?

Answer 24

It is universal; an organisms binomial name is the same everywhere in the world

Question 25

Define biodiversity

Answer 25

• The number and variety of living orrganisms in a given region
• it is affected by enviromental, genetic and human factors

Question 26

what mechanism has generated biodiversity?

Answer 26

natural selection

Question 27

when measuring biodiversity of a habitat, what must ecologists consider?

Answer 27

• species richness
• species evenness

Question 28

define species richness

Answer 28

the number of differnet species found within an area

Question 29

define species eveness

Answer 29

the number of individuals of each species living together in a community

Question 30

how can biodiversity in a habitat be assesed?

Answer 30

using simpsons diversity index

Question 31

What is simpsons diversity index?

Answer 31

• a measurment of diversity that considers both richness and eveness
  *a vaule between 0 and 1 is found
  the closer the value is to 1, the greater the biodiversity

Question 32

how can biodiversity be assessed at the molecular level?

Answer 32

using dna fingerprinting and sequencing

Question 33

what is DNA sequencing

Answer 33

Determining the entire DNA nucleotide base sequence of an organism

Question 34

How is DNA sequencing used to measure biodiversity?

Answer 34

Comparisons between members of the same species can identify variation in base sequences and hense estimate genetic diversity

Question 35

what is an adaptation?

Answer 35

A feature of an organisms that increases its chance of survival in its enviroment

Question 36

describe the 3 types of adaptation

Answer 36

• anatomical- changes to physical feaytures
• physiological- changes to bodily processes
• behavioural- changes to actions