2.1 and 2.2 Flashcards
Q: How are replicated chromosomes distributed to daughter cells during cell division?
A: Replicated chromosomes are distributed to daughter nuclei through a complex series of events that occur during cell division.
Q: What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
A: The cell cycle consists of the interphase and the M phase (mitosis phase).
Q: What happens during the M phase of the cell cycle?
A: The M phase is when actual cell division or mitosis occurs, including the separation of daughter chromosomes and the division of the cytoplasm.
Q: What are the three phases of interphase?
A: The three phases of interphase are G1 phase (Gap 1), S phase (Synthesis), and G2 phase (Gap 2).
Q: What happens during the S phase of interphase?
A: During the S phase, DNA synthesis or replication takes place, resulting in the doubling of the amount of DNA per cell.
Q: What is the purpose of the G1 phase?
A: The G1 phase is a metabolically active phase where the cell grows but does not replicate its DNA.
Q: What is the G0 phase of the cell cycle?
A: The G0 phase is an inactive stage of the cell cycle where cells remain metabolically active but do not proliferate unless called upon to do so.
Q: In which type of cells is mitotic cell division seen in animals?
A: Mitotic cell division is seen in diploid somatic cells of animals.
Q: Why is mitosis referred to as equational division?
A: Mitosis is called equational division because it results in the equal distribution of chromosomes between the parent and progeny cells.
Karyokinesis involves
following four stages:
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Q: What happens during prophase?
A: Chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic chromosomes, centrosomes move towards opposite poles of the cell, and asters and spindle fibers form the mitotic apparatus.
Q: What structures are absent in cells at the end of prophase?
A: Golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, and the nuclear envelope.
Q: What marks the start of the second phase of mitosis?
The complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope.
Q: What is a metaphase chromosome made up of?
Two sister chromatids held together by the centromere.
Q: What are the structures at the surface of the centromeres called?
Kinetochores
