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A&P 2 - Unit 2 > 21-3: Mechanics of Breathing > Flashcards

21-3: Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs, depending on pressure differences.

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2
Q

When the pressure inside the lungs is less than atmospheric pressure, air moves ___.

A

into the lungs

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3
Q

inspiration

A

the process of breathing in

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4
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

the pressure exerted by the air (gases) around the body, 750 mmHg at sea level

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5
Q

intrapulmonary pressure

A

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs; must be less the atmospheric pressure for air to enter lungs

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6
Q

intrapleural pressure

A

pressure in pleural cavity around the lungs, abt 4 mmHg lower (neg pressure)

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7
Q

transpulmonary pressure

A

difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure, keeps lungs from collapsing

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8
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

when temperature is constant, the pressure of a gas in a closed container varies inversly with the volume of the container. inc V = dec P

The thoracic cavity is the closed container housing the lungs (enclosed by ribs, vertebrae and diaphragm) and the single entrance is the trachea

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9
Q

When the volume of the thorax increases: pressure ___, and air ___.

A

decreases; moves into lungs

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10
Q

When the volume of the thorax decreases: pressure ___, and air ____.

A

increases; moves out of lungs

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11
Q

How does the volume of the thorax increase?

A

contraction of inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and external intercostals)

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12
Q

What is the diaphragm’s role in inspiration?

A

dome shaped skeletal muscle forming floor of thorax

contraction causes it to pull down, flatten, and lengthen the thorax

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13
Q

What is the role of the external intercostals in inspiration?

A

muscles between ribs

contraction pulls ribcage up and out, and thoracic cavity widens

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14
Q

Contraction of the inspiratory muscles causes the size of the thorax to ____, intrapulmonary pressure to ___ atmospheric pressure, and air to ___.

A

increase; drop below; be drawn into lungs

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15
Q

expiration

A

the process of breathing out

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16
Q

Normal expiration is a ___ process, depending on ___.

A

passive; natural elasticity of lungs

17
Q

During expiration, the inspiratory muscles ___, causing: __.

The volume of the thoracic cavity ___, and intrapulmonary pressure is __ atmospheric pressure, causing air to ____.

A

relax; rib cage to move down and diaphragm move back up

decreases; higher; rush out of lungs

18
Q

During expiration, intrapulmonary pressure is ___ atmosphiric pressure.

A

higher than

19
Q

During inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure is ___ atmospheric pressure.

A

lower than

20
Q

Forceful expiration is a(n) ___ process.

A

active

21
Q

What muscles are involved in forceful expiration?

A

abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

22
Q

During forceful expiration, the ____ muscles ____, ___ the volume of the thoracic cavity.

What effect does this have on the air in the lungs?

A

abdominal and intercostal muscles contract; further decreasing

more air is forced out of lungs

23
Q

spirometer

A

device used to measure the amount of air flushed in and out of hte lungs during breathing

24
Q

respiratory rate

A

breaths per minute

25
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air moved into or out of the lungs wiht each normal quiet breath

26
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly beyond the tidal volume

27
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

the total amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

IC = TV + IRV

28
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

the maximum amount of air that can be forcibly expired beyond tidal volume

29
Q

vital capacity

A

the total amount of exchangable air, a maximum expiration following following a maximum inspiration

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

30
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air left in lungs after a maximum expiration (to keep them from collapsing)

31
Q

total lung capacity

A

the maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV

32
Q

minute ventilation

A

the total amount of gas that flows into or out of the respirator tract in one minute

33
Q

minute ventilation equation

A

MTV = TV x RR

A&P 2 - Unit 2 (11 decks)

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