21-24

Question 1

Coriolis Force

Answer 1

A force acting on objects that are moving when they are moving in a rotating context.

90 right in N
90 Left in S

Question 2

Equations with coriolis forces
r=
θ =

Answer 2

r (distance in inertial frame of reference) = vΔt

but then at time Δt, world rotated θ

so s = horizontal distance from predicted if not on rotating plane = rθ = 1/2 * a * (Δt)^2 = Ω v((Δt)^2)

where Ω= rotation speed

Question 3

What is coriolis acceleration?

Answer 3

2Ωv

Question 4

Coriolis force equation =

Answer 4

f = 2Ωsin(φ)

φ = latitude

Question 5

Rossby waves

Answer 5

They are inertial waves

• in the context of the atmosphere - they are the meanders in the jet streams caused by the rotation of the earth
• more prominent in polar jet stream

Question 6

Geostrophic flow

Answer 6

The movement of air parcels down a pressure gradient which is balanced by Coriolis forcing

Question 7

Adiabatic Lapse Rate

Answer 7

The temperature change of an air parcel per unit time when the elevation change is adiabatic, so no heat transfer and so the parcel expands with altitude or contracts when it sinks
With no condensation = 10 degrees/km
Observed= 7degrees/km

Question 8

Why is observed lapse rate different?

Answer 8

Because of the latent heat of condensation

Question 9

Dew point

Answer 9

the saturation of the air, so once past this, the water will condense out