2.1-2.3 Flashcards
diffusion
the movement of particles from regions of higher density to lower density.
osmosis
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.
active transport
the movement of the substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.
endocytosis
the p.rocess by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
exocytosis
the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane
photosynthesis
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to make food
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
fermentation
the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
cell cycle
the life cycle of a cell
chromosomes
the DNA of a cell is organized into structures
homologous chromosmes
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
mitosis
the complicated process of chromosomes seperation
cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm of a cell