20th century sport

Question 1

what influence did social class had on participation in sport in the early 20th century?

Answer 1

there was there was still a class divide
• Amateurism was dominated by the upper and middle class

• working class games associated with pubs
• upper class had the right to leisure as they had more time and money
• working class had less time and money to participate
• the middle class ran private clubs and NGB’S

Question 2

what influence did social class had on participation in sport later 20th century ?

Answer 2

it became less obvious with more equality between the classes
• class boundaries became more blurred so sport was less

• by the end of the 20th century people were able to go from rags to riches to celebrity footballers to increased their social mobility
• the start to use clubs and sports for spectatorship

Question 3

what was the effect on women’s participations of having to fulfil traditional roles? give examples of these traditional roles?

Answer 3

women had very little leisure time so their time to participate in sport was limited for an example looking after their kids

Question 4

what were the traditional expectations of women with regard to behaviour and appearance? what impact did this have on their participation in sport ?

Answer 4

sport was still male dominated at all levels
• women were expected to remain lady like and wouldn’t participate in much sport than the men

• men saw women as housewives and made sure they remain healthy so they could have children
• women had little time to participate in sport when they did it was low intensity sport

Question 5

what impact did world wars have on female participation in sport in the 20th century ?

Answer 5

• women started to take over mens jobs due to a reduction in the male population
• this meant that in the 1960’s women’s liberation movement significantly increased opportunities for women in sport

Question 6

what impact did law and order have on sport in the 20th century ?

Answer 6

sport had written codes of conduct with most cruel sports disappearing with the exception of hunting and shooting by the gentry

Question 7

what was the effect of law and order in sport in the first half of the 20th century ?

Answer 7

• boxing required competitor’s to wear gloves and biting and kicking were outlawed
• gambling was still essential part of sport
• spectators were well behaved and this became a symbol of orderliness and good nature of the British working class

Question 8

what was the effect of law and order in sport in the second half of the 20th century?

Answer 8

• there was a rise of hooliganism in the 1970’s and 1980’s which damaged the reputation of football
• drugs and doping blighted athletics due to increased pressure to win

Question 9

what was the impact of education and literacy in sport in the 20th century?

Answer 9

throughout the 20th century physical development became an important part of education and was crucial throughout for the emergence of modern sport

Question 10

what was the positive impact of education on sport in the 20th century ?

Answer 10

• 1944 butler education act- introduced the physical development of children into legislation
• 1988 PE became and important part of the national curriculum
• extra Curricular sport was also promoted through extra Curricular provision at school
• sport science became an academic discipline

Question 11

what was the negative impact of education on sport in the 20th century ?

Answer 11

•different secondary schools was split into grammar and secondary technical schools which all gave opportunity and provision for sport but grammar schools gave the most as they emulated the independent schools

Question 12

how did time and money impact participation in sport in the with century ?

Answer 12

throughout the 20th century there was a gradual increase in the availability of both leisure time and money for the general population. this led to greater opportunity provision and participation

Question 13

what was the effect of time and money in the early 20th century ?

Answer 13

• upper and middle class had more leisure time for sport than the working class
• the working class had less working hours which meant more energy to participate
• pubs were the focal point for sport and for the working class

Question 14

what was the effect of time and money in the later 20th century in sport ?

Answer 14

• the working class had more time and money for the working class but still issues of economic depression and recession resulting in unemployment and poverty
• the working class had an issue of unemployment which meant some activities were unaffordable

the private clubs were for the middle and upper class

Question 15

how did transport impact sport in the 20th century ?

Answer 15

• train- influence of railways declined because of cheap access of cheap air travel and cars
• cars- car ownership allowed transport for many to train, compete and spectate
• Aeroplane- cheap air travel meant globalisation of sport