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CBR NEUROANATOMY > 205 - 250 > Flashcards

205 - 250 Flashcards

1
Q 
205.  The facial nerve innervates all of  the  following muscles except  the 
A.  anterior belly of  the  digastric 
B.  buccinator 
C.  platysma 
D.  stapedius 
E.  stylohyoid
A

A. anterior belly of the digastric
Moore p. 1099. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is supplied by the
facial nerve, and the anterior belly is supplied by the trigeminal nerve.

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2
Q
  1. The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk is formed from the
    A. chondrification of the centrum of the vertebral body
    B. myotome
    C. notochord
    D. primitive streak
    E. sclerotome
A

C. notochord

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3
Q
  1. The primary olfactory cortex is located in the
    A. anterior perforated substance
    B. entorhinal cortex
    C. mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
    D. orbitofrontal cortex
    E. pyriform cortex
A

E. pyriform cortex
Carp pp. 364-365; Fig 12.5. The pyriform cortex (lateral olfactory gyms) and
periamygdaloid area constitute the primary olfactory cortex, and the
entorhinal cortex constitutes the secondary olfactory cortical area.

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4
Q
  1. Each of the following cell groups is derived from the alar plate except the
    A. nucleus ambiguus
    B. principal sensory nucleus of CN V
    C. solitary nucleus
    D. spinal trigeminal nucleus
    E. vestibular nucleus
A

A. nucleus ambiguus

Carp p. 137, Figs. 5.18, 5.19; Moore (embryol) pp. 344-348. The nucleus
ambiguus is derived from the basal plate.

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5
Q 
209.  A unilateral lesion  of  the  trochlear nerve produces  maximal diplopia on 
A.  downgaze to the  opposite side 
B.  downgaze to the  same side 
C.  upgaze to the  opposite side 
D.  upgaze to the  same side 
E.  lateral  gaze to the  opposite side
A

A. downgaze to the opposite side

Carp p. 196.

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6
Q 
210.  part  of  the  auditory  system 
A.  superior  olive 
B.  inferior olivary  complex 
C.  both 
D.  neither
A

A. superior olive

For questions 210-211 see CNBR pp. 54.60,65,108.

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7
Q 
211.  part  of  the  cerebellar system 
A.  superior  olive 
B.  inferior olivary  complex 
C.  both 
D.  neither
A

B. inferior olivary complex

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8
Q 
212.  General visceral efferent fibers  arise here.
A.  superior  salivatory nucleus 
B.  inferior salivatory nucleus 
C  both 
D.  neither
A

C both

For questions 212-216 see Carp pp. 143-144.172.

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9
Q 
213.  Preganglionic  parasympathetic  fibers  from  this  nucleus  travel  with the
intermediate nerve. 
A.  superior  salivatory nucleus 
B.  inferior salivatory nucleus 
C  both 
D.  neither
A

A. superior salivatory nucleus

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10
Q 
214.  Preganglionic parasympathetic  fibers from  this nucleus travel  with the  lesser
petrosal nerve. 
A.  superior  salivatory nucleus 
B.  inferior salivatory nucleus 
C  both 
D.  neither
A

B. inferior salivatory nucleus

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11
Q 
215.  located in  the  reticular formation 
A.  superior  salivatory nucleus 
B.  inferior salivatory nucleus 
C  both 
D.  neither
A

C both

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12
Q
  1. Fibers originating here eventually divide into two groups that pass to the
    pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia, respectively.
    A. superior salivatory nucleus
    B. inferior salivatory nucleus
    C both
    D. neither
A

A. superior salivatory nucleus

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13
Q
  1. short ciliary nerves
    A. parasympathetic
    B. sympathetic
    C. both
A

C. both

For questions 217-218 see CNBR pp.50.83. The short ciliary nerves are mainly

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14
Q
  1. long ciliary nerves
    A. parasympathetic
    B. sympathetic
    C. both
A

B. sympathetic

composed of parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion to the eye, but
some sympathetic fibers are also present.

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15
Q 
219.  arises from the  dorsal  nucleus of  Clarke 
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

C. dorsal spinocerebellar tract

For questions 219-225 see Carp pp. 86-92. The lateral spinothalamic tract
arises from cells in laminae I, IV, and V, and transmits pain and temperature
sensation. Fibers in this tract cross in the anterior white commissure, usually
within one spinal segment. The anterior spinothalamic tract also arises from
cells in laminae I, N, and V. and crosses in a decussation that involves several
segments. It transmits light touch. The dorsal spinocerebellar tract is uncrossed
and arises from cells of the dorsal nucleus of Clarke (from C8 to L2). The ventral
spinocerebellar tract is crossed, whereas the cuneocerebellar tract is uncrossed.
The latter three tracts transmit unconscious exteroceptive impulses concerned
with movement and posture. The cuneocerebellar tract transmits impulses
from the upper extremity, whereas the dorsal spinocerebellar tract transmits
impulses from the lower extremity.

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16
Q 
220.  the  upper limb equivalent  of  the  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

B. cuneocerebellar tract

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17
Q 
221.  transmits light touch
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

A. anterior spinothalamic tract

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18
Q 
222.  crossed; cells  of  origin  receive  input from group  Ib  afferents 
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

E. ventral spinocerebellar tract

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19
Q 
223.  crossed within  one  or two  spinal  segments; cells  in laminae  I.  IV,  and  V  give rise  to most of  the  axons  in  this tract 
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

D. lateral spinothalamic tract

20
Q 
224.  enters  the  cerebellum  via the  superior cerebellar peduncle 
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

E. ventral spinocerebellar tract

21
Q 
225.  First-order neurons are  found from  L1 to S2
A.  anterior spinothalamic tract 
B.  cuneocerebellar tract 
C.  dorsal  spinocerebellar tract 
D.  lateral spinothalamic tract 
E.  ventral spinocerebellar tract
A

E. ventral spinocerebellar tract

22
Q 
226.  The  majority of  fibers  descend only to cervical levels. 
A.  corticospinal tract 
B.  reticulospinal  tract 
C  rubrospinal tract 
D.  tectospinal tract 
E.  vestibulospinal tract
A

D. tectospinal tract

For questions 226-230 see Carp pp. 94-104. The corticospinal tract divides
into a large crossed lateral corticospinal tract, small uncrossed anterior cor-
ticospinal tract, and a minute (about 2% of fibers) uncrossed anterolateral
corticospinal tract at the junction of the medulla and spinal cord. The tec-
tospinal tract arises from cells in the superior colliculus, terminates in the
upper four cervical levels, and mediates reflex postural movements in response
to visual stimuli. The rubrospinal tract arises from the magnocellular region of the red nucleus, and its most important function is in the control of flexor
muscle tone. The vestibulospinal tract arises mainly from the lateral vestibu-
larnucleus. This tract facilitates spinal reflex activity and spinal mechanisms
that control extensor tone. The tectospinal and rubrospinal tracts are both
crossed, whereas the vestibulospinal tract is uncrossed. The reticulospinal
tracts arise from the pontine tegmentum (pontine reticulospinal tract) and the
medulla (medullary reticulospinal tract). The former is uncrossed, whereas
the latter consists of crossed and uncrossed components. Stimulation of the
brainstem reticular formation can facilitate and inhibit voluntary movement,
cortically induced movement, and reflex activity, among other effects.

23
Q 
227.  Cells of  origin  reside in  the  pontine tegmentum and  medulla. 
A.  corticospinal tract 
B.  reticulospinal  tract 
C  rubrospinal tract 
D.  tectospinal tract 
E.  vestibulospinal tract
A

B. reticulospinal tract

24
Q 
228.  divides into three tracts  at the  spinomedullary junction 
A.  corticospinal tract 
B.  reticulospinal  tract 
C  rubrospinal tract 
D.  tectospinal tract 
E.  vestibulospinal tract
A

A. corticospinal tract

25
Q 
229.  associated with the  control of  tone  in flexor  muscle groups 
A.  corticospinal tract 
B.  reticulospinal  tract 
C  rubrospinal tract 
D.  tectospinal tract 
E.  vestibulospinal tract
A

C rubrospinal tract

26
Q 
230.  associated with the  control of  tone  in  extensor  muscle groups 
A.  corticospinal tract 
B.  reticulospinal  tract 
C  rubrospinal tract 
D.  tectospinal tract 
E.  vestibulospinal tract
A

E. vestibulospinal tract

27
Q 
231.  adductor  brevis 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

D. obturator

For questions 231-240 see V&A p. 1189.

28
Q 
232. biceps femoris 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

E. sciatic

29
Q 
233. extensor  hallucis longus 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

A. deep peroneal

30
Q 
234. gluteus medius
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

G. superior gluteal

31
Q 
235. gluteus maximus
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

C. inferior gluteal

32
Q 
236. gastrocnemius 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

H. tibial

33
Q 
237. iliopsoas 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

B. femoral

34
Q 
238. flexor  digitorum longus 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

H. tibial

35
Q 
239. peroneus  longus  and  brevis 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

F. superficial peroneal

36
Q 
240. quadriceps 
A.  deep peroneal  
B.  femoral  
C.  inferior gluteal  
D.  obturator  
E.  sciatic 
F.  superficial peroneal 
G.  superior gluteal 
H.  tibial
A

B. femoral

37
Q 
241. Movement of  molecules across the  blood-brain  barrier  involves 
A.  active  transport  requiring energy 
B.  carrier-mediated transport 
C.  both 
D.  neither
A

C. both

Carp p. 17. Molecules also move across the blood-brain barrier by diffusion.
Substance that cross the blood-brain barrier by diffusion include water and
alcohol. D-glucose and large neutral amino acids are transported into the
brain by carrier-mediated transport. Active transport is used to move weak
organic acids, halides, and extracellular K+ from the brain and cerebrospinal
fluid into plasma.

38
Q
  1. Which of the following most closely characterizes the tuberohypophysial tract?
    A. arcuate mcleus to median eminence
    B. arcuate nucleus to posterior hypophysis
    C. dorsomedial nucleus to posterior hypophysis
    D. supraoptic nucleus to median eminence
    E. supraoptic nucleus to posterior hypophysis
A

A. arcuate mcleus to median eminence

Carp p. 311. The tuberohypophysial or tuberoinfundibular tract arises from
the tuberal region (mainly the arcuate nucleus) and can be traced to the
median eminence and infundibular stem.

39
Q 
243. dens to basion 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

A. apical ligament

For questions 243-250 see CNBR pp. 72-73.

40
Q 
244. dens to lateral  foramen magnum 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

B. alar ligaments

41
Q 
245. pia to dura 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

C. dentate ligaments

42
Q 
246.  continuous with posterior longitudinal ligament 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

D. tectorial membrane

43
Q 
247. continuous with anterior longitudinal ligament 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

G. anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

44
Q 
248. between  Cl lateral masses 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

H. transverse ligament

45
Q 
249. transverse ligament  to basion
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

E. superior cruciate ligaments

46
Q 
250.  transverse ligament to  axis 
A.  apical  ligament 
B.  alar ligaments 
C.  dentate ligaments 
D.  tectorial membrane 
E.  superior cruciate ligaments 
F.  inferior cruciate ligaments 
G.  anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 
H.  transverse ligament
A

F. inferior cruciate ligaments

CBR NEUROANATOMY (4 decks)

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