1 - 75 Flashcards
1
Q
1. connection of posterior columns to thalamus A. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus B. lateral lemniscus C. medial lemniscus D. medial longitudinal fasciculus
A
B. lateral lemniscus
2
Q
2. carries fibers involved with eye movements and has vestibular input A. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus B. lateral lemniscus C. medial lemniscus D. medial longitudinal fasciculus
A
D. medial longitudinal fasciculus
3
Q
3. a part of the auditory pathway A. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus B. lateral lemniscus C. medial lemniscus D. medial longitudinal fasciculus
A
B. lateral lemniscus
4
Q
4. connects the periventricular hypothalamus and mammillary bodies to the midbrain's central gray matter A. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus B. lateral lemniscus C. medial lemniscus D. medial longitudinal fasciculus
A
A. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
5
Q
- stimulation of caudal regions of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) produces
A. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the same side
C. deviation of only the contralateral eye to the same side
D. deviation of only the ipsilateral eye to the opposite side
E. deviation of only the ipsilateral eye to the same side
A
B. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the same side
6
Q
- stimulation of the caudal PPRF
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation to the same side
C. vertical eye movements
D. none of the above
A
B. conjugate horizontal deviation to the same side
7
Q
- stimulation of the rostral PPRF
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation to the same side
C. vertical eye movements
D. none of the above
A
C. vertical eye movements
8
Q
- stimulation of the superior colliculus
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation to the same side
C. vertical eye movements
D. none of the above
A
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
9
Q
- stimulation of the middle frontal gyrus
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation to the same side
C. vertical eye movements
D. none of the above
A
A. conjugate horizontal deviation to the opposite side
10
Q
- which of the following is true of the occipital eye field?
A. It is localized to a relatively small area
B. It subserves pursuit eye movements that are largely voluntary
C. Lesions in this area are associated with transient deviation of the eyes away from the side of the lesion
D. The threshold for excitation in this area is lower than in the frontal
eye fields
E. With lesions in this area, the patient can direct the eyes to a particular location on command.
A
E. with lesions in this area, the patient can direct the eyes to a particular location on command.
11
Q
11. the intracranial dura is innervated by
I. cranial nerve V
II. upper cervical spinal nerves
III. cranial nerve X
IV. cranial nerve VII
A. I, II, III
B. I, III
C. II, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above
A
A. I, II, III
12
Q
12. descending fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) arise from all of the following structures except the A. inferior colliculus B. cajal's intersitial nucleus C. medial vestibular nucleus D. pontine reticular formation E. superior colliculus
A
A. inferior colliculus
13
Q
13. which structure does not pass through the orbital tendinous ring (zinn's anulus)? A. frontal nerve B. superior division of III C. abducens nerve D. nasociliary nerve E. inferior division of III
A
A. frontal nerve
14
Q
- all of the following can be seen in ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist except
A. motor deficits in the adductor pollicis
B. motor deficits in the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
C. motor deficits in the third and fourth lumbricals
D. sensory deficits in the dorsum of the hand
E. sensory deficits in the palmar surface of the hypothenar eminence
A
D. sensory deficits in the dorsum of the hand
15
Q
15. the thalamus is fed by (the)
I. medial posterior choroidal artery
II. anterior choroidal artery
Ill. basilar artery branches
IV. middle cerebral artery branches
A. I, II, III
B. I, III
C. II, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above
A
A. I, II, III
16
Q
16. the anterior choroidal artery supplies portions of each of the following structures except the A. amygdala B. globus pallidus C. hippocampus D. hypothalamus E. internal capsule
A
D. hypothalamus
17
Q
17. connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus A. central tegmental tract B. lamina terminalis C. medial forebrain bundle D. stria medullaris E. stria terminalis
A
E. stria terminalis
18
Q
18. the closed rostral end of the neural tube A. central tegmental tract B. lamina terminalis C. medial forebrain bundle D. stria medullaris E. stria terminalis
A
B. lamina terminalis
19
Q
19. connects the gustatory brainstem nucleus to the thalamus A. central tegmental tract B. lamina terminalis C. medial forebrain bundle D. stria medullaris E. stria terminalis
A
A. central tegmental tract
20
Q
20. connects the septal area, hypothalamus, olfactory area, and anterior thalamus to the habenula A. central tegmental tract B. lamina terminalis C. medial forebrain bundle D. stria medullaris E. stria terminalis
A
D. stria medullaris
21
Q
21. connects the septal area, hypothalamus, olfactory area, and hippocampus to the midbrain, pons, and medulla A. central tegmental tract B. lamina terminalis C. medial forebrain bundle D. stria medullaris E. stria terminalis
A
C. medial forebrain bundle
22
Q
- Efferent fibers from the dentate nuclei
A. are somatopically arranged in the thalamus with the head represented
laterally and caudal body parts medially
B. influence activity of motor neurons in the contralateral cerebral cortex
C. leave the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle
D. mainly terminate in the red nucleus
E. project to the ipsilateral ventral lateral thalamic nuclei
A
B. influence activity of motor neurons in the contralateral cerebral cortex
23
Q
23. The pulvinar has well-defined projections to the I. occipital cortex 11. parietal cortex 111. temporal cortex IV. frontal cortex A. 1. 11, I11 B. I, 111 C. 11, IV D. IV E. all of the above
A
A. 1. 11, I11
24
Q
- Each of the following is true of the fornix except
A. It is the main efferent fiber system of the hippocampus.
B. Postcommissural fibers of the fornix project to the mammillary bodies.
C. The columns of the fornix lie anterior to the anterior commmissure.
D. The body of the fornix runs to the rostral margin of the thalamus.
E. The fornical commissure (psalterium) is rostral to the anterior commissure.
A
C. The columns of the fornix lie anterior to the anterior commmissure.
25
```
25. The efferent projections of the arcuate nucleus are most closely associated with the
A. mammillary bodies
B. median eminence
C. nucleus of the diagonal band
D. posterior hypophysis
E. supraoptic nucleus
```
B. median eminence
26
```
26. Regions of the striate cortex that do not contain ocular dominance columns are those representing the
I. fovea
11. blind spot of the retina
111. macula
IV. monocular temporal crescent of the visual field
A. I, 11.111
B. I, I11
C. 11, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above
```
C. 11, IV
27
Each of the following is true of the supplemental motor cortex (MII) except
A. Some of the neurons project directly to the spinal cord.
B. The body is somatopically represented.
C. The neurons in this area exhibit movement-related activity only if the motor task is performed with the contralateral limbs.
D. The threshold for stimulation is higher than for the primary motor
cortex (MI).
E. Unilateral ablations produce no permanent deficit in the maintenance of posture or capacity for movement.
C. The neurons in this area exhibit movement-related activity only if the motor task is performed with the contralateral limbs.
28
28. Each is true of dorsolateral fibers entering the dorsolateral spinal cord except
A. Root fibers of spinal ganglia separate into a medial and lateral bundle.
B. The central processes of each dorsal root ganglion divide into both ascending and descending branches.
C The lateral bundle conveys impulses from free nerve endings.
D. The medial bundle consists of thinly myelinated or unmyelinated fibers, whereas the lateral bundle is thickly myelinated.
E. The medial bundle conveys impulses from Golgi tendon organs.
D. The medial bundle consists of thinly myelinated or unmyelinated fibers, whereas the lateral bundle is thickly myelinated.
29
```
29. Which of the following does the ulnar nerve innervate?
I. pronator quadratus
11. flexor pollicis longus
111. opponens pollicis
IV. adductor pollicis
A. I, 11, 111
B. I, 111
C. 11, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above
```
D. IV
30
```
30. anterior nuclear group
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
H. cingulate gyrus
31
```
31. lateral dorsal nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
H. cingulate gyrus
32
```
32. lateral geniculate nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 17
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
E. area 17
33
```
33. lateral posterior nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 17
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex A. areas 1,2,3
```
D. areas 5,7
34
```
34. medial geniculate nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
G areas 41,42
35
```
35. mediodorsal nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
I. prefrontal cortex
36
```
36. pulvinar
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
F. areas l8,19
37
```
37. centromedian nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
C. striaturn
38
```
38. ventral lateral nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
B. area 4
39
```
39. ventral posterolateral nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
A. areas 1,2,3
40
```
40. ventral posteromedial nucleus
A. areas 1,2,3
B. area 4
C. striaturn
D. areas 5,7
E. area 1
F. areas l8,19
G areas 41,42
H. cingulate gyrus
I. prefrontal cortex
```
A. areas 1,2,3
41
```
41. Efferent fibers project to the neurohypophysis.
A. supraopticohypophysial tract
B. tuberoinfundibular tract
C. both
D. neither
```
A. supraopticohypophysial tract
42
```
42. Efferent fibers project to the anterior pituitary.
A. supraopticohypophysial tract
B. tuberoinfundibular tract
C. both
D. neither
```
D. neither
43
```
43. Efferent fibers project to the hypophyseal portal vessels.
A. supraopticohypophysial tract
B. tuberoinfundibular tract
C. both
D. neither
```
B. tuberoinfundibular tract
44
```
44. connects globus pallidus interna to thalamus (travels around the internal capsule)
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
A. ansa lenticularis
45
```
45. connects globus pallidus interna to thalamus (travels through internal capsule)
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
46
```
46. combination of the ansa lenticularis, lenticular fasciculus, and cerebellothalamic tract
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
47
```
47. connects the habenula to midbrain and interpeduncular nuclei
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
B. fasciculus retroflexus
48
```
48. connects the hippocampus to septal nuclei
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
E. precommissural fornix
49
```
49. connects hippocampus to the hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamus, septal nuclei, and cingulate gyrus
A. ansa lenticularis
B. fasciculus retroflexus
C. lenticular fasciculus (FF H2)
D. postcommissural fornix
E. precommissural fornix
F. thalamic fasciculus (FF HI)
```
D. postcommissural fornix
50
```
50. Which of the following structures is not present on a transverse section of the medulla taken at midolive?
A. accessory cuneate nucleus
B. dorsal nucleus of X
C. nucleus ambiguus
D. nucleus of the solitary tract
E. superior vestibular nucleus
```
E. superior vestibular nucleus
51
```
51. Which of the following fiber tracts is not a part of the limbic system?
A. diagonal band of Broca
B. fornix
C. mammillothalamic tract
D. medial forebrain bundle
E. thalamic fasciculus
```
E. thalamic fasciculus
52
52. The secondary somatic sensory area (SII) is located on the
A. medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus
B. medial surface of the superior parietal lobule
C. superior bank of the lateral sulcus
D. ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
E. same area as the primary somatic sensory area
C. superior bank of the lateral sulcus
53
53. Which of the following is not seen with a lesion of the facial nerve immediate distal to the geniculate ganglion?
A. hyperacusis
B. impairment of lacrimation
C. impairment of salivary secretion
D. loss of taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
E. paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles
B. impairment of lacrimation
54
```
54. The external urethral sphincter is innervated by
A. parasympathetic pelvic nerves
B. somatic pudendal nerves
C. sympathetic hypogastric nerves
D. A and B,
E. B and C
```
B. somatic pudendal nerves
55
55. Regions of the brain devoid of a blood-brain barrier/ circumventricular organs
include each of the following except
A. indusium griseum
B. median eminence
C. organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
D. pineal gland
E. subfornicat organ
A. indusium griseum
56
```
56. Uncrossed fibers of the optic tract terminate on which layers of the lateral geniculate?
A. 1.3, and 5
B. 1,4, and 6
C. 2,3, and 5
D. 2,4, and 6
E. 2,5. and 6
```
C. 2,3, and 5
57
```
57. Substances can cross the blood-brain barrier via
I. active transport
11. carrier-mediated transport
111. diffusion
IV. vesicular transport
A. I, I1,III
B. I, 111
C. 11, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above
```
A. I, I1,III
58
```
58. connects septal nuclei to the amygdala
A. arcuate fasciculus
B. diagonal band of Broca
C. tapetum
D. uncinate fasciculus
```
B. diagonal band of Broca
59
```
59. connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area
A. arcuate fasciculus
B. diagonal band of Broca
C. tapetum
D. uncinate fasciculus
```
A. arcuate fasciculus
60
```
60. connects temporal and occipital lobes
A. arcuate fasciculus
B. diagonal band of Broca
C. tapetum
D. uncinate fasciculus
```
C. tapetum
61
```
61. connects the temporal lobe to the frontal lobe
A. arcuate fasciculus
B. diagonal band of Broca
C. tapetum
D. uncinate fasciculus
```
D. uncinate fasciculus
62
```
62. located in the supraoptic region
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
C. both
63
```
63. located in the tuberal region
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
D. neither
64
```
64. consists of several distinct cell groups
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
A. paraventricular nucleus
65
```
65. composed mainly of uniformly large cells
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
B. supraoptic nucleus
66
```
66. Immunohistocytochemically large cells in this nucleus contain either vasopressin or oxytocin.
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
C. both
67
```
67. Regions of this nucleus give rise to descending axons projecting to the brainstem and all levels of the spinal cord.
A. paraventricular nucleus
B. supraoptic nucleus
C. both
D. neither
```
A. paraventricular nucleus
68
68. Each of the following is true of corticobulbar fibers except
A. Fibers projecting to the posterior column nuclei leave the pyramids and
enter these nuclei via the medial lemniscus or reticular formation.
B. Fibers projecting to trigeminal sensory nuclei and the nucleus solitarius
are derived predominantly from frontoparietal cortical areas.
C. Pseudobulbar palsy can result from unilateral lesions involving
corticobulbar fibers.
D. The supranuclear innervation of motor cranial nerve nuclei is largely bilateral.
E. Unilateral lesions involving corticobulbar fibers produce paralysis of
contralateral lower facial muscles only.
C. Pseudobulbar palsy can result from unilateral lesions involving
corticobulbar fibers.
69
69. The palmar interosseus muscles
A. abduct the fingers
B. adduct the fingers
C. extend the metacarpophalangeal joints and flex the interphalangeal joints
D. flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
E. perform none of the above
B. adduct the fingers
70
```
70. The sciatic nerve supplies each of the following muscles in part or in whole except the
A. adductor magnus
B. biceps femoris (short head)
C. gluteus maximus
D. semimembranous
E. semitendinous
```
C. gluteus maximus
71
71. The syndrome of posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) occlusion consists of
each of the following except
A. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the body
B. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the face
C. ipsilateral paralysis of the pharynx and larynx
D. ipsilateral Horner's syndrome
E. persistent hiccup
B. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the face
72
72. location of the corticobulbar fibers
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
B. genu of the internal capsule
72
73. location of corticospinal fibers
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
72
74. location of anterior thalamic radiation
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
73
75. location of superior thalamic radiation
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
73
76. location of frontopontine fibers
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
74
77. location of corticofugal fibers
A. anterior limb of the internal capsule
B. genu of the internal capsule
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
D. none of the above
C. posterior limb of the internal capsule
