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Neurology- Carol > 2.04 Sensation > Flashcards

2.04 Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

Exteroceptive sensation is from?

A

Surface of body

cutaneous sense

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2
Q

Low threshold mechanoreceptors mediate which senses?

A

touch
vibration
pressure

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3
Q

Low threshold thermoreceptors mediate which senses?

A 
cold
cool
indifferent
warm 
hot
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4
Q

high threshold units respond to which senses?

A

noxious stimuli

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5
Q

high threshold mechanoreceptors respond to

A

high intensity mechanical stimuli

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6
Q

thermal nociceptors respond to

A

extrems of heat > 45 degrees or

cold

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7
Q

chemical nociceptors respond to

A 
substances eg. in inflammation 
prostaglandins
bradykinin
serotonin
histamine
K+
H+
ATP 
others
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8
Q

polymodal nociceptors respond to

A

2 or more of noxious stimuli

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9
Q

Which sensory receptors are slowly adapting

A

stretch receptors

they are needed to provide continuous information about position, degree of stretch, or force

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10
Q

Which sensory receptors are rapidly adapting

A

some muscle spindle afferents, hair follicle afferents

detect changes in stimulus strength; non-threatening

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11
Q

which sensory receptors are very rapidly adapting?

A

pacinian corpuscle

rapid vibration is picked up and then quickly adapted to.

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12
Q

What is adaptation?

A

feature of primary sensory neurones that determines if they change firing rate in response to stimulus of changing intensity, or stay the same.

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13
Q

which sensory receptor is the fastest, and most myelinated?

A

Group I axons - a-alpha

proprioceptors of skeletal muscle

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14
Q

which sensory receptor is the slowest, least myelinated?

A

Group IV - c
temperature
pain
itch

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15
Q

Which is faster, mechanoreceptors or pain/temperature receptors?

A

mechanoreceptors are more myelinated, thus faster. Thy are group II/a-beta axons from skin

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16
Q

Where is two point discriminated greatest on the body?

A

Fingers

17
Q

Where is two point discrimination lowest on the body?

A

Calf

18
Q

What is the distribution of free nerve endings?

What do they sense?

A

ubiquitous

pain, heat, cold

19
Q

Where is the highest distribution of meissner’s corpuscles?

What do they sense?

A

where two point discrimination highest (hands, face) but not in hairy skin.
Touch

20
Q

What is the distribution of merkel’s discs. What do they do?

A

Distributed as for meissner’s, in areas of high 2pt discrimination. but also present in hairy skin. Grouped in Iggo domes.
Senses touch.

21
Q

What do krause end bulbs sense?

Where are they located?

A

They sense touch.

Located between dry skin and mucous membrane - at the border

22
Q

What are ruffini endings? Where are they located?

A

Pressure sensory organs.

Located in dermis and joint capsules.

23
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles? Where are they located?

A

Pressure sensory organs

Dermis and fascia

24
Q

What channel gives the Iggo dome, and multiple merkel cells the ability to sense mechanical touch?

A

The mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo2.

25
Q

Which receptor types are conducted by A-beta fibres?

A

Every receptor except hair-down, and C mechanoreceptors

26
Q

Which receptor types are conducted by a-delta fibres?

A

hair(D)-down.

It is triggered by light stroking

27
Q

Which receptor types are conducted by c-fibres?

A

C-mechanoreceptor

It is triggered by stroking, social and erotic touch.

28
Q

Which receptive field is bigger-
pacinian corpuscles
meissners corpuscles?

A

Pacinian corpuscles- that sense pressure have larger receptive fields that are less specific compared to meissner’s corpuscles that sense touch.

29
Q

How many laminae of Rexed are there? What types of fibres synapse where?

A

10 laminae
Laminae 1-2: nociceptors a-delta and C
Laminae 3-6: LTMs)touch) a-beta
Laminae 7-9: proprioceptors a-alpha

Neurology- Carol (13 decks)

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