2.03 - Liver Flashcards
which viral hepatitises are RNA
A, C, D
which viral hepatitises are DNA
B, E
which viral hepatitises have faeco-oral transmission
A and E
Eat ass
which viral hepatitises spread through bodily fluids and vertical transmission
B,D,C
Blood, Dick, Children
which viral hepatitises have vaccines
A and B
what are the symptoms of viral hepatitis
abdominal pain
flu like symptoms
pruitus
muscle ache
nausea
vomiting
jaundice
what LFTs are high in viral hepatitis
AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin
what is the most common viral hepatitis world wide
A
how is hepA treated
self limiting
supportive treatment
basic analgesia
what percentage of hepB cases develop into chronic hepatitis
5-15%
why can’t hepD survive without hepB
hepD attaches to HBsAg surface antigen and cannot survive without it
what percentage of hepC cases develop into chronic hepatitis if untreated
75%
how are hepatitis B and C (and D) treated
antiviral medications
what are the causes of chronic hepatitis (6)
viral (b,c,d)
alcohol
NAFLD
autoimmune
wilson’s disease
haemochromotosis
what LFT tests show chronic hepatitis
raised liver enzymes (AST, ALT)
raised bilirubin
raised CRP
why is a lover biopsy done in chronic hepatitis
find cause
assess severity
assess scarring
assess type and extent of damage
what are the common causes of liver cirrhosis (4)
alcohol
hep b (+/- d)
hep c
NAFLD
what are the two types of liver cirrhosis
micronodular - alcoholic cause
macronodular - chronic hepatitis cause
what is the pathogenesis of cirrhosis
chronic liver injury
inflammation
fibrosis
necrosis
what are the causes of prehepatic jaundice (3)
haemolytic anaemia
gilbert syndrome
crigler najjar syndrome
what are the causes of intrahepatic jaundice (3)
hepatitis
decompensated cirrhosis
intrahepatic cholestasis
what are the causes of extrahepatic jaundice (4)
bile duct blockage (stone, stricture)
cholangitis
malignancy
pregnancy
