202V3 Flashcards
What is the definition of holding?
Holding is a procedure that delays an aircraft’s approach to an airfield or delays an aircraft enroute using a navigation fix.
What is a standard holding pattern?
A racetrack design consisting of two 180 degree right hand turns and two straight legs. Left turns are non-standard
What are the three types of holding entry?
Parallel, direct and offset(NAS = teardrop)
What bank angle should be used in holding?
3 degrees per second or 25 degree bank angle, whichever requires less bank angle.
What are the maximum holding air speeds?
< 6000 = 200 kias
6000-14000 = 230 kias
14000+ = 265 kias
How long is holding timing?
1 minute at or below 14000 feet MSL and 1.5 minutes above, unless otherwise directed.
What leg is timing based on?
Inbound leg (NAS only). timing for subsequent outbound legs should be adjusted to achieve proper inbound time.
How do you correct for wind drift in holding?
When outbound, triple the inbound drift correction
IFR climb performance
200 feet per NM or published climb gradient, whichever is higher
IFR turns after takeoff
Minimum turn altitude is 400 feet above the DER elevation, unless required by a published procedure or ATC
IFR departure methods
Diverse departure Omnidirectional departure (ICAO) Obstacle departure procedure (ODP) Standard Instrument departure (SID) Diverse vector area (DVA) ATC instructions MAJCOM departure
What does a “Trouble T” indicate?
Notifies pilots that departure procedures exist.
What is a takeoff obstacle?
Obstacles within 3 SM of the DER identified during the diverse departure obstacle assessment that require a climb gradient greater than 200’ NM
What is a Low Close-In obstacle?
Obstacles that require a climb gradient greater than 200’ NM for a very short distance, only until the aircraft is 200’ above DER.
What is a diverse departure?
A normal departure at 200 feet per NM Out to 25 NM non-mountainous
What is an omnidirectional departure?
A departure procedure without any track guidance provided or available.
What are non standard IFR takeoff mins?
Provided for pilots to “see and avoid” obstacles during departure. Weather must be equal to or better than published ceiling/vis to depart. (ODP)
What is a specific routing departure?
Published specific routing to avoid obstacles under the “departure procedure” section of the ODP. (ODP)
What is a VCOA departure procedure?
An option for an IFR aircraft, operating in VMC greater than or equal to the specified visibility and ceiling, to visually conduct climbing turns over the airfield to published “climb-to” altitude. (ODP)
What is a Reduced Takeoff Runway Length Procedure (RTRL)?
Requires the aircraft to lift off the runway at or prior to a specified distance from the DER. (ODP)
What is a combination of methods?
A combination of methods to construct an ODP
What is a diverse vector area (DVA)?
It may created to allow radar vectors to be used in lieu of an ODP at some locations where an ODP has been established.
What are specific ATC departure instructions?
Specific ATC instructions include a heading and altitude. Do not apply wind drift corrections.
What is a standard instrument departure (SID)?
A departure procedure established at certain airfields to simplify clearance delivery procedures and assist in meeting environmental, capacity, and ATC requirements. Cannot fly a SID without ATC clearance.
What is a MAJCOM certified departure?
Procedures created for specific aircraft at specific locations in accordance with AFMAN 11-230.
Altitude restriction over non congested areas?
PIC will operate over non congested areas at an altitude at or above 500 feet AGL except over open water or in sparsely populated areas
Altitude restriction over congested areas?
PIC will operate over congested areas or groups of people at an altitude which ensures 1000 feet above highest obstacle within 2,000 foot radius
Max airspeed under 10,000 feet?
PIC will not exceed 250 knots below 10,000 feet MSL
The PIC will not exceed 200 knots….
At or below 2500 feet AGL within 4 NM of the primary airport in class C or D airspace unless authorized.
What is a TACAN?
Consists of a rotating antenna for transmitting azimuth info and a receiver-transmitter for range info
You cannot use a TACAN unless…
Valid azimuth and range info are available
What is the service area for an ILS?
FAA defines standard service volume for a localizer is 18 NM within the 10-degree sector and 10 NM for the remainder
What is the max offset a localizer can have?
More than 5 degrees from runway centerline = instrument guidance system
More than 3 degrees: considered localizer type directional aid
What info do you need to mission plan?
Weather
NOTAMS
Airfield suitability and Restrictions report
FLIP
Fuel requirements
BWC
Special departure procedure if authorized by MAJCOM
List of authorized weather sources:
MAJCOM approved weather source
Regional OWS
Other DOD military weather sources
Other US government weather facilities/services
Foreign civil or military weather service
What is RVR?
Runway visual range
It’s a report that applies to all takeoffs, landings, and straight in approaches to the runway and take precedence over any other via report
What does the NOTAM system do?
Distributes time critical aeronautical information
What is Critical DME?
A DME facility that, when not available, results in navigation service which is not sufficient for DME/DME/IRU ops
Where should aircrew use PUBS from?
Obtain and use info from
USG sources
When can you depart IFR?
Weather conditions at destination, +- 1 hour of ETA, is forecast to be at/above the lowest compatible approach mins. Tempos not included
File an alternate airfield when:
A compatible approach is not available at destination
Weather +- 1 hour of ETA (includes tempo), are less than: 2000 ft ceiling and 3 SM vis
Crosswinds out of limits
For alternate selection: do not depart IFR unless prevailing weather at alternate is
+- 1 hour of ETA, including tempos (except t-storms, rain showers, or snow showers) is:
1000 ft ceiling, or 500 above lowest compatible approach mins, whichever’s higher
2 SM vis or 1 SM above lowest compatible approach mins, whichever’s higher
What does the “alternate a” represent?
Informs pilots that the alternate weather mins for an airfield are non-standard
What does the “alternate NA” represent?
Informs pilots that the specific approach cannot be used to qualify the field as an alternate due to an unmonitored NAVAID or lack of a weather reporting service
Do not operate under VFR when:
unable to maintain flight visibility or cloud clearances
Within the lateral boundaries of controlled airspace designated to the surface of an airport when the ceiling is less than 1000 feet
What are the 2types of waypoints?
Fly over - indicated by a waypoint marker in a circle/ no turn anticipation allowed
Fly by - standard waypoint symbol/ turn anticipation allowed
What are the wake turbulence weight classes?
Super - A380-800/Antonov An-225
Heavy - all types 300,000 lbs or more
Large - aircraft of more than 41,000 lbs, max certified takeoff weight, up to but not including 300,000 lbs
Small - aircraft of 41,000 lbs or less max certified takeoff weight
(NAS only)
NAS wake turbulence separation
Heavy behind super - 6 miles Large behind super - 7 miles Small behind super - 8 miles Heavy behind heavy - 4 miles Small/large behind heavy - 5 miles Small behind B757 - 4 miles
What is a terminal arrival area?
Provides a transition from the enroute structure to the terminal environment for aircraft equipped with RNAV systems
What are radar vectors?
Provide course guidance and expedite traffic to the final approach course of any published procedure or to the traffic pattern for a visual approach
When can you descend below DA/MDA?
Sufficient visual reference with the runway environment and aircraft is in a safe position to land
What is put on an approach plate when more than one type of equipment is required for an approach?
A slash (/)
What is a non radar approach?
An approach that does not require radar vectoring or radar services on final and may/may not provide vertical glide slope/glide path guidance
What is a VDA?
Vertical descent angle
Optimum is 3 degrees
What is TCH?
Threshold crossing height
Point where VDA crosses threshold
Typically 30-50 feet
What are the 5 segments of an instrument approach?
Arrival Initial Intermediate Final Missed approach
What are the 2 types of course reversals?
Procedure turns and racetrack
What speed should procedure turns be flown at?
200 KIAS or less
When can you not execute a procedure turn?
Straight-in cleared NoPT Established on inbound course Radar vectors to final Timed approach from a holding fix
