2024 Flashcards
Which interaction of x-radiation with soft tissue occurs when energy levels are above 10 MeV and energy is absorbed by the nucleus after collision with a high-energy photon
Photo disintegration
Which interaction of x-radiation with soft tissue occurs when energy levels are above 1.022 MeV and the energy disappears after interaction with the nucleus becoming 2 new particles that
Pair production
What 2 interactions of x-radiation with matter are most important in diagnostic radiology
Compton scatter and photoelectric absorption
The primary factor that affect the quality of the fluoroscopic image are contrast, resolution, distortion,________
Quantum mottle
The primary source of exposure to the radiographer and radiologist in fluoro is
The patient
The barium enema position that best demonstrates the left colic flexure and descending colon full of barium is
LAO/RPO
Barium filled saclike projections projecting inward into the lumen of the bowel are termed
Polyps
Which projection of the skull/face will best demonstrate a blowout orbital fracture
Modified waters
A congenital anomaly of having a depressed sternum is known as
Pectins excavatum or funnel chest
A radiographic appearance of bilateral offset or spreading of the lateral masses of C1 relative to the dens is indicative of a ________fx also known as an axial loading injury
Jefferson fracture
Which projection of the shoulder places the epicondyles at a 45° angle to the IR
Neutral rotation or oblique shoulder
The practice and procedures used to minimize the levels of infectious agents present in the surgical environment is called
Surgical asepsis
Orthopedic wire that tightness around fx sites to reduce shortening of a limb is called
Cerclage wire
Soaking of moisture through a sterile or nonsterile drape,cover or protective barrier, permitting bacteria to reach sterile areas is called
Strike-through
A PA stress projection of the bilateral thumbs is known as
Folio method
Bone softening in children is also known as
Rickets
What degree of rotation for a medial oblique foot
30-40°
What is the CR point for above the diaphragm ribs
T7 or 3-4”/8-10cm below the jugular notch
Legal theory meaning “ the thing speaks for itself”
Res Ipsa Loquitur
Picture element and the smallest component of the matrix is
Pixel
Data drop that involves areas or regions of the digital detector is known as
Detector saturation
The true edge of an object as images radiographically is called
Umbra
All radiation exiting the patient during exposure and ultimately striking the receptor is called
Remnant radiation
Unit in the international system used to measure the dose equivalent or biologic effectiveness of differing radiations
Sievert
All the body’s cells except germ cells are
Somatic cells
The dose required to produce a biologic response for a acute radiation syndrome in the GI system
10-50Gy or 1000-5000 Rad
Lithium fluoride crystals are used in what common diagnostic radiology dosimeter
TLD or thermokuminescent doimeter
A sudden drop in blood pressure in the brain when a person stands up quickly from sitting or supine is called
Orthostatic hypotension
Abnormal slowness of breathing
Bradypnea
Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
Processes of depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac membrane is called
Action potential
Free from infection
Asepsis
A carrier, especially an animal that transfers an infective agent from one host to another
Vector
Alternative pr passive host or carrier that harbors a pathologic organism, without injury to itself, can be a source of infection for others
Reservoir
Medical condition in which the lungs are not fully inflated, can result in partial or complete collapse
Atelectasis
Abnormally increased concentration of glucose in the blood
Hyperglycemia
Separation of the layers of a surgical wound
Wound dehiscence
This type of shock, also known as distributive shock, is caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
Vasogenic
Study of metabolism and action of drugs with emphasis on time of absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and excretion
Pharmacokinetics
Hydrocodone, cocaine, Demerol, methamphetamine, oxycodone, fentanyl are examples of drugs in this schedule
Schedule 2
Compazine, phenergan, reglan, and zofran belong to which drug classification
Antiemetics
Small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug
Vial
The amount of energy transferred on average by incident radiation to an object per unit length of track is called
LET
This explains cell death and nonfatal cell abnormalities caused by radiation exposure
Target theory
Explains that radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation
Law of Bergonie and Triboneau
Effects that appear within minutes, hours, days or weeks after a substantial dose of ionizing radiation
Early nonstochastic or deterministic somatic effects
This relationship means any radiation dose will produce a biologic effect because no dose is absolutely safe
Nonthreshold
What is the dose limit to the embryo and fetus for the entire gestation period
5 mSv
Electronic sensors in a cassette holder that send signals to the collimator housing and automatically adjust so the field size matches the IR
PBL
Radiation protection technique that reduces scatter by increasing OID
Air gap technique
