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microbiology exam 3 > 2023 > Flashcards

2023 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which of the following is true about Bacillus anthracis

A

produces an adenylate cyclase called edema factor

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2
Q

clostridium botulinism produces an A-B exotoxin that blocks the release of which neurotransmitter from axon ending at neuromuscular junctions

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

which clostridial species is part of the normal human bacterial flora

A

clostridium difficile

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4
Q

which of the following best describes tetanospasmin, a virulence factor for clostridium tetani

A

A-B exotoxin that blocks release of the neurotransmitter glycine

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5
Q

what virulence factor property does haemophilus influenzae capsule b confer on these bacteria

A

allows bacteria to cause systemic infections

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6
Q

what bacterium lives inside amoeba in the environment and is typically transmitted by an aerosol route to humans through ventiliation systems in buildings?

A

legionella pneumophila

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7
Q

what bacterium grows at temperatures from 1 C to 45 C is resistant to salt and acid conditions, and is a food-borne pathogen that causes systemic disease in immune-compromised individuals

A

listeria monocytogenes

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8
Q

this gram-negative coccobacillus is transmitted zoonotically via fleas and eventually infects lymph nodes, producing a characteristic swellings called “bubos”

A

yersinia pestis

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9
Q

a positive result with an acid-fast staining test of bacteria in a sputum smear is indicative of

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

which of the following is true for cord factor of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

is a glycolipid that adheres to cell surface mycolic acids

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11
Q

which of the following is true from leprosy

A

a strong TH1-response by infected individuals results in a good prognosis for recovery

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12
Q

which organism often produces a characteristic erythema migrans rash in the early stage of infection

A

borrelia burgdoferi

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13
Q

what bacterium lacks peptidoglycan and is the agent of the most sexually transmitted infections, characterized by mucopurulent discharges?

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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14
Q

what symptoms are uniquely associated with tertiary syphilis

A

gummas

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15
Q

what is the treatment for a child born with congenital syphilis to clear the infection

A

penicillin

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16
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication of infection by which organism

A

escherichia coli O157:H7

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17
Q

which enteric bacterium can invade M cells in the gut, survive in macrophages and eventually infect many different organs in the body?

A

salmonella enterica serovar typhi

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18
Q

which bacterium produces the vast majority (70-90%) of urinary tract infections (bladder infections for example)

A

escherichia coli

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19
Q

which of the following is true about cholera

A

supportive rehydration therapy is the main method used for treatment

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20
Q

what is a property associated with helicobacter pylori

A

metabolizes urea to make the local environment more basic (increases pH)

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21
Q

what is a property of the dissaccharide-tetrapeptide component of bacterial peptidoglycan that is the tracheal cytotoxin of Bordetella pertussis

A

it is shed from bacterial cells instead of being absorbed and recycled

22
Q

in addition to multiple drug resistance mechs, what is another reason that lung infections with pseudomonas aeruginosa are so resistant to antibiotic therapy?

A

the bacterium’s ability to form a biofilm

23
Q

what is true of dental plaque

A

sugar consumption causes increased levels of streptocuccus mutans in plaque

24
Q

what can lead to increased incidence of dental caries

A

gingival recession that occurs with age

25
Q

dental caries correlates with

A

high numbers of mutans streptocci

26
Q

what is a property characteristic of cariogenic bacteria

A

presence of acid stress response proteins

27
Q

aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with which oral disease

A

aggressive periodontitis

28
Q

which genus of bacteria are typically associated with salivary gland infections

A

staphlyococcus

29
Q

what enzymes create an extraceullar network of branched sugar polymers within dental plaque

A

glucosyltransferases

30
Q

how does lysozyme act as an antibacterial agent

A

lysozyme cleaves the bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

31
Q

which of the following is a characteristic of Ludwig’s angina

A

infection is polymicrobial (multiple species)

32
Q

which streptococcal virulence factor is correlated with the progression of infective endocarditis

A

platelet associated aggregation factor

33
Q

what is an enveloped virus composed of

A

nucleocapsid plus membrane plus glycoproteins

34
Q

which class of virus always brings its own RNA polymerase into a cell during infection

A

negative-sense, single stranded RNA viruses

35
Q

what is an example of a host cell trait supplied by a viral genome integrated into the host cell genome?

A

botulinum toxin for clostridium botunlinum

36
Q

what is a possible role for the gut bacteriophage community, as presented in lecture

A

bacteriophage may limit bacteria in the gut, killing off cells when they reach a high concentration

37
Q

members of what enveloped, plus stranded RNA virus family can cause an acute respiratory syndrome that is an atypical pneumonia, but more often cause milder disease, generically referred to as the common cold?

A

coronavirus

38
Q

what virus is responsible for about 50% of cases of the common cold, has an RNA genome that can be directly translated into protein and transcribes more mRNAs that are the size of the full viral genome from a negative sense copy of the viral RNA genome

A

rhinovirus

39
Q

what is the receptor for SARs-CoV-2, the agent of COVID-19

A

ACE2

40
Q

what flavivirus is transmitted by mosquitos from person to person and from monkeys to humans and causes jaundice in severe cases

A

yellow fever virus

41
Q

what virus is transmitted by mosquitos from person to person and causes more serve disease in individuals that have partial immunity from a prior exposure to the virus

A

dengue fever virus

42
Q

what is true about zika virus

A

it causes congenital infections

43
Q

what naked capsid viruses can cause an aseptic meningitis or vesicles/ulcers on the tonsils and palate or pleurodynia, depending on the subtype

A

coxsackievirus

44
Q

which influenza virus protein mediates adsorption of the virus onto a host epithelial cell surface

A

hemagglutinin

45
Q

which paramyxovirus has an incubation period of over 2 weeks and results in complication that includes meningitis and orchitis

A

mumps virus

46
Q

reassortment of genetic information among influenza viruses is possible because of

A

random packaging of SINGLE stranded RNA genome sequences during a coinfection with two types of influenza viruses

47
Q

what paramyxovirus initially infects cells of the respiratory tract but characteristically replicates in the parotid gland after viremia

A

mumps virus

48
Q

what virus is characterized by “negri bodies” in brain tissue

A

rabies virus

49
Q

what paramyxovirus is limited to replication in the region of initial contact and does not demonstrate significant spread to other sites by viremia

A

respiratory syncytial virus

50
Q

what is not a property associate with the following 3 species of bacteria in the oral cavity: porphyromonas gingivalis, trponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia

A

they are associated with healthy sites in the mouth

microbiology exam 3 (4 decks)

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