2023

Question 1

which of the following is true about Bacillus anthracis

Answer 1

produces an adenylate cyclase called edema factor

Question 2

clostridium botulinism produces an A-B exotoxin that blocks the release of which neurotransmitter from axon ending at neuromuscular junctions

Answer 2

acetylcholine

Question 3

which clostridial species is part of the normal human bacterial flora

Answer 3

clostridium difficile

Question 4

which of the following best describes tetanospasmin, a virulence factor for clostridium tetani

Answer 4

A-B exotoxin that blocks release of the neurotransmitter glycine

Question 5

what virulence factor property does haemophilus influenzae capsule b confer on these bacteria

Answer 5

allows bacteria to cause systemic infections

Question 6

what bacterium lives inside amoeba in the environment and is typically transmitted by an aerosol route to humans through ventiliation systems in buildings?

Answer 6

legionella pneumophila

Question 7

what bacterium grows at temperatures from 1 C to 45 C is resistant to salt and acid conditions, and is a food-borne pathogen that causes systemic disease in immune-compromised individuals

Answer 7

listeria monocytogenes

Question 8

this gram-negative coccobacillus is transmitted zoonotically via fleas and eventually infects lymph nodes, producing a characteristic swellings called “bubos”

Answer 8

yersinia pestis

Question 9

a positive result with an acid-fast staining test of bacteria in a sputum smear is indicative of

Answer 9

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 10

which of the following is true for cord factor of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 10

is a glycolipid that adheres to cell surface mycolic acids

Question 11

which of the following is true from leprosy

Answer 11

a strong TH1-response by infected individuals results in a good prognosis for recovery

Question 12

which organism often produces a characteristic erythema migrans rash in the early stage of infection

Answer 12

borrelia burgdoferi

Question 13

what bacterium lacks peptidoglycan and is the agent of the most sexually transmitted infections, characterized by mucopurulent discharges?

Answer 13

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 14

what symptoms are uniquely associated with tertiary syphilis

Answer 14

gummas

Question 15

what is the treatment for a child born with congenital syphilis to clear the infection

Answer 15

penicillin

Question 16

hemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication of infection by which organism

Answer 16

escherichia coli O157:H7

Question 17

which enteric bacterium can invade M cells in the gut, survive in macrophages and eventually infect many different organs in the body?

Answer 17

salmonella enterica serovar typhi

Question 18

which bacterium produces the vast majority (70-90%) of urinary tract infections (bladder infections for example)

Answer 18

escherichia coli

Question 19

which of the following is true about cholera

Answer 19

supportive rehydration therapy is the main method used for treatment

Question 20

what is a property associated with helicobacter pylori

Answer 20

metabolizes urea to make the local environment more basic (increases pH)

Question 21

what is a property of the dissaccharide-tetrapeptide component of bacterial peptidoglycan that is the tracheal cytotoxin of Bordetella pertussis

Answer 21

it is shed from bacterial cells instead of being absorbed and recycled

Question 22

in addition to multiple drug resistance mechs, what is another reason that lung infections with pseudomonas aeruginosa are so resistant to antibiotic therapy?

Answer 22

the bacterium’s ability to form a biofilm

Question 23

what is true of dental plaque

Answer 23

sugar consumption causes increased levels of streptocuccus mutans in plaque

Question 24

what can lead to increased incidence of dental caries

Answer 24

gingival recession that occurs with age

Question 25

dental caries correlates with

Answer 25

high numbers of mutans streptocci

Question 26

what is a property characteristic of cariogenic bacteria

Answer 26

presence of acid stress response proteins

Question 27

aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with which oral disease

Answer 27

aggressive periodontitis

Question 28

which genus of bacteria are typically associated with salivary gland infections

Answer 28

staphlyococcus

Question 29

what enzymes create an extraceullar network of branched sugar polymers within dental plaque

Answer 29

glucosyltransferases

Question 30

how does lysozyme act as an antibacterial agent

Answer 30

lysozyme cleaves the bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

Question 31

which of the following is a characteristic of Ludwig's angina

Answer 31

infection is polymicrobial (multiple species)

Question 32

which streptococcal virulence factor is correlated with the progression of infective endocarditis

Answer 32

platelet associated aggregation factor

Question 33

what is an enveloped virus composed of

Answer 33

nucleocapsid plus membrane plus glycoproteins

Question 34

which class of virus always brings its own RNA polymerase into a cell during infection

Answer 34

negative-sense, single stranded RNA viruses

Question 35

what is an example of a host cell trait supplied by a viral genome integrated into the host cell genome?

Answer 35

botulinum toxin for clostridium botunlinum

Question 36

what is a possible role for the gut bacteriophage community, as presented in lecture

Answer 36

bacteriophage may limit bacteria in the gut, killing off cells when they reach a high concentration

Question 37

members of what enveloped, plus stranded RNA virus family can cause an acute respiratory syndrome that is an atypical pneumonia, but more often cause milder disease, generically referred to as the common cold?

Answer 37

coronavirus

Question 38

what virus is responsible for about 50% of cases of the common cold, has an RNA genome that can be directly translated into protein and transcribes more mRNAs that are the size of the full viral genome from a negative sense copy of the viral RNA genome

Answer 38

rhinovirus

Question 39

what is the receptor for SARs-CoV-2, the agent of COVID-19

Answer 39

ACE2

Question 40

what flavivirus is transmitted by mosquitos from person to person and from monkeys to humans and causes jaundice in severe cases

Answer 40

yellow fever virus

Question 41

what virus is transmitted by mosquitos from person to person and causes more serve disease in individuals that have partial immunity from a prior exposure to the virus

Answer 41

dengue fever virus

Question 42

what is true about zika virus

Answer 42

it causes congenital infections

Question 43

what naked capsid viruses can cause an aseptic meningitis or vesicles/ulcers on the tonsils and palate or pleurodynia, depending on the subtype

Answer 43

coxsackievirus

Question 44

which influenza virus protein mediates adsorption of the virus onto a host epithelial cell surface

Answer 44

hemagglutinin

Question 45

which paramyxovirus has an incubation period of over 2 weeks and results in complication that includes meningitis and orchitis

Answer 45

mumps virus

Question 46

reassortment of genetic information among influenza viruses is possible because of

Answer 46

random packaging of SINGLE stranded RNA genome sequences during a coinfection with two types of influenza viruses

Question 47

what paramyxovirus initially infects cells of the respiratory tract but characteristically replicates in the parotid gland after viremia

Answer 47

mumps virus

Question 48

what virus is characterized by "negri bodies" in brain tissue

Answer 48

rabies virus

Question 49

what paramyxovirus is limited to replication in the region of initial contact and does not demonstrate significant spread to other sites by viremia

Answer 49

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 50

what is not a property associate with the following 3 species of bacteria in the oral cavity: porphyromonas gingivalis, trponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia

Answer 50

they are associated with healthy sites in the mouth