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microbiology exam 3 > 2022 > Flashcards

2022 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which of the following is the mostly likely characteristic of campylobacter jejune

A

acquired as a zoonotic infection, often from undercooked chicken, and causes a mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis

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2
Q

typing
cholera toxin has the effect of raising the level of what intracellular signalling molecule

A

increase cAMP levels through protein A

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3
Q

what is the “enterobacterial common antigen”

A

core sugars with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

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4
Q

what is the effect of shiga toxin within a host cell during an infection

A

inactivates 60s ribosomal subunit

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5
Q

what is not a property associated with salmonella enterica serovar typhi

A

presence in the oropharynx in asymptomatic carriers

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6
Q

what non-invasive bacterium adheres to respiratory tract surfaces where it causes massive mucus production and a characterisitc cough that is severe enough to crack ribs and burst blood vessels

A

bordetella pertussis

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7
Q

what is a property of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

produces an ADP-ribosylase that targets host elongation factor 2

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8
Q

the ability of pseudomonas aeruginosa to produce a biofilm is dependent on

A

alginate production

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9
Q

botulism results in

A

flaccid muscle paralysis due to blocking release of the neurotransmitter acetylocholine

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10
Q

what is associated with clostridium difficile

A

pesudomembranous colitis

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11
Q

which clostridial species is the only one that invades tissue during an infection

A

clostridium perfringens

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12
Q

typing
what gram-negative coccobacillus is transmitted zoonotically mainly from contact with wild animals such as birds, rabbits, or tick bites? the bacteria are able to grow in macrophages, resulting in systemic spread that can lead to ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, and pulmonary infections. a vaccine is available for high-risk individuals

A

francisella tularensis

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13
Q

a vaccine against capsule b polysaccharides is effective for preventing systemic diseases caused by what gram negative- cocco-bacilli that are often part of the normal flora of the oropharynx

A

haemophilus influenzae

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14
Q

typing
what bacterium normally lives inside amoeba in the enivironment and causes a severe pneumonia in elderly individuals

A

legionella pneumophilia

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15
Q

typing similar to 2023
what bacterium grows at temperatures from 1C to 45C is resistant to salt and acid conditions, and is food borne pathogen that causes systemic diseases to immune-compromised individuals

A

listeria monocytogenes

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16
Q

which of the following is true about tuberculosis

A

most individuals exposed to the bacterial agent do not develop disease

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17
Q

typing
the mantoux reaction is the result of a diagnostic test for exposure to what bacterium

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

18
Q

typing
what bacterium lacks peptidoglycans and is the agent of the most sexually transmitted infections, characterized by mucopurulent discharges

A

chlamydia trachomatis

19
Q

what is true about mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

immune protection fades after recovery from infection

20
Q

bacteria of what genus are transmitted to humans by a bite of a wood tick and cause vascular hemorrhages due to the lysis of endothelial cells by cytotoxic t lymphocytes

A

Rickettisa

21
Q

bacteria of what genus is are oligate intracellular pathogens

A

Rickettsia

22
Q

what spirochete is sexually transmitted from human to human and has an early stage lesion called a chancre?

A

treponema pallidum

23
Q

typing
name a dental abnormality uniquely associated with congential syphilis

A

Mulberry Molars

24
Q

which property of bacteria in a dental biofilm is associated with decreasing the risk of dental caries

A

upregulation of ammonia production from arginine and urea

25
Q

which is a property of bacteria in a dental biofilm is associated with increasing the risk of dental caries

A

increased activity of proton pumps

26
Q

what role does ammonia production from arginine and urea play for oral bacteria

A

creation of a more basic pH local environment

27
Q

spirochetes plus fusobacterium nucleatum are strongly associated with which oral disease

A

acute necrotizing gingivitis

28
Q

typing and similar to 2023
what oral defense enzyme cleaves the bond between n-acetyloglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in bacterial peptidogylcan

A

lysozyme

29
Q

what is an example of a role of a toll-like receptor in oral defense

A

bind to lipopolysaccharide and signal bacterial presence

30
Q

bacterial aggregates called “sulphur granules” are characterized of what oral diseases

A

cervicofacial actinomycosis

31
Q

which disease has oral manifestations that include gummas which can lead to perforations in the roof of the mouth

A

syphillis

32
Q

what is a naked capsid virus composed of

A

only nucleocapsid

33
Q

what is true about negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses

A

require a viral RNA polymerase to be packaged into viral particles

34
Q

what is true about some small positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses like hepatitis A virus

A

can directly translate viral RNA upon entry into a new host cell

35
Q

what is an example of a host cell trait supplied by a viral genome integrated into the host cell genome?

A

diptheria toxin for corynbacterium diptheria

and

botulinism toxin for clostridium botulinum

36
Q

typing
what group of viruses is responsible for about 30% of cases of the common cold and has the largest genome of the RNA virsuses (up to 30,000 nt)?

A

coronavirus

37
Q

what virus has an RNA genome that can be directly translated into protein, and transcribed more mRNAs all of which are the size of a the full viral genome, from a negative sense copy of the viral RNA genome?

A

polivirus

(and in 2023 test, rhinovirus)

38
Q

which virus is not spread by respiratory transmission

A

poliovirus

39
Q

antigenic drift in influenza viruses is caused by

A

point mutations that occur during viral genome replication

40
Q

what is true about respiratory syncytial virus

A

can cause bronchiole obstruction

microbiology exam 3 (4 decks)

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