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ARCH7410 > 2022 Building Thermal Design > Flashcards

2022 Building Thermal Design Flashcards

1
Q
  1. For pedestrian area:

A. wind speed more than 17 m/s could cause safety problem for pedestrian

B. acceptable wind speed is less than 8 m/s for pedestrian

C. acceptable wind speed is 5.5 - 7.9 m/s for pedestrian

D. wind speeds between 5 to 17 m/s do not cause difficulties for pedestrian

A

A

  1. Acceptable outdoor wind speed (less than 5 m/s)
  2. The speeds between 5 to 17 m/s will cause difficulties for pedestrian (comfort)
  3. The speeds more than 17 m/s could cause safety problem for pedestrian
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2
Q
  1. In Auckland winter, the major indoor allergens from dust-mite and mold have increases associated with

A. both low and high indoor relative humidity

B. high indoor air temperature and high indoor relative humidity

C. low indoor relative humidity and high indoor air temperature

D. high indoor relative humidity and low indoor air temperature

A

B

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3
Q
  1. For urban thermal performance, the disperse urban form is suitable for

A. hot-humid climate

B. cold climate and hot-dry climate

C. temperate climate and hot-humidity

D. hot-dry climate and hot-humid climate

A

A

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of Urban Form:

A
  1. Compact Form
  2. Dispersed Form
  3. Clustered Form
  4. Combined Form
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5
Q
  1. For urban environmental design “Generally a large number of small urban open green spaces distributed in the whole urban area is better than a small number of large urban open green spaces for urban thermal comfort.” is

A. good for all type of climate conditions

B. not good for the hot-humid climate

C. only good for the temperate climate

D. only good for the hot-dry climate

A

A

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6
Q
  1. Narrow, curve and zigzag streets are not

A. good for the tropical climate

B. good for the hot-dry climate

C. good for the temperate climate and hot-dry climate

D. good for any type of climates

A

A

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following passive controls can be applied to improve indoor thermal comfort for both winter (under-heated conditions) and summer (overheated conditions)?

A. mass effect

B. passive solar heating

C. mass effect with night ventilation

D. direct and indirect evaporative cooling

A

A - Mass Effect Thermal Storage

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8
Q
  1. List the 5 Thermal Passive Control Strategies
A
  • Passive Solar Heating
  • Mass Effect: Thermal Storage
  • Mass Effect with night ventilation
  • Air Movement Effect (Natural Ventilation)
  • Evaporative Cooling
  • Indirect Evaporative Cooling
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9
Q
  1. Which Thermal Passive Control Strategies apply in Winter (under-heated conditions)?
A
  • Passive Solar Heating
  • Mass Effect: Thermal Storage
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10
Q
  1. Which Thermal Passive Control Strategies apply in Summer (overheat conditions)?
A
  • Mass Effect: Thermal Storage
  • Mass Effect with Night Ventilation
  • Air Movement Effect (Natural Ventilation)
  • Evaporative Cooling
  • Indirect Evaporative Cooling
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11
Q
  1. For an Auckland brick veneer house, wall insulation materials are located at the internal surface of the wall and not located at the external surface of the wall, because

A. it increases the R-value of the house envelope
B. it decreases the R-value of the house envelope
C. building thermal design is for permanent heating
D. building thermal design is for temporary heating

A

D

  • R-Value of house does not change if Insulation is on the outside or inside.
  • Building thermal design is for temporary heating in Winter and nights, not permanent heating.
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12
Q
  1. Direct and indirect evaporative cooling controls

A. can be applied for indoor space during summer in all climates
B. can only be applied for indoor space in hot dry climate
C. can only be applied for indoor space in tropical climates
D. can only be applied for indoor space in temperate climate

A

B - Evaporation of water is used to cool the air.

Evaporative cooling is not effective in a Hot-Humid Climate (Rules out A).

Indoor spaces in Temperate (Cold Humid) climates should rely on colling from natural ventilation and sufficient overhangs (Rules of D).

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13
Q

What is the indirect evaporative cooling method?

A

Mechanical system that uses two fans, an evaporator pad, and a heat exchanger.

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14
Q

What is the direct evaporative cooling method?

A

Changes warm dry air to cool moist air. CONFUSED WITH DIFFERENCE FROM INDRIECT.

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15
Q
  1. Best roof thermal design for a hot-humid tropical house will

A. prevent daytime solar heat gain only
B. supply good shading and small ratio of building surface to volume
C. increase cross ventilation and indoor relative humidity
D. prevent daytime heat gain and encourage night time internal heat loss

A

D

Undue increase of ceiling temperature can be prevented by:
1. using a reflective roof surface,
2. having a separate ceiling,
3. using adequate ventilation of the attic space,
4. using reflective foil on underside of the roof and top of the ceiling,
5. using some resistive insulation for or on the ceiling,
6. using low emissive soffit to roof material.

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16
Q

What roof type is best suited in a hot-humid-tropical climate?

A

A ventilated double roof. Upper roof functions as sun protection, and lower roof creates an air space separate to the living air space that can be heated and ventilated (Lower roof assumption made).

17
Q
  1. A shallow-plan indoor space in a building is not

A. good for day lighting
B. good for natural cross ventilation
C. good for reducing heat loss in winter
D. good for direct passive solar heating

A

C

Indoor Space Arrangement : Deep/Shallow Plan

18
Q
  1. The House with a small ratio of building surface to volume is suitable for

A. tropical climate
B. cold climate and hot-dry climate
C. hot-dry climate, temperate climate and tropical climate
D. hot-humidity climate, temperate climate and hot-dry climate

A

B

A small ratio is good for cold climate and hot dry climate. A large ratio is good for hot humidity

19
Q

What are the 3 kinds of heat loss?

A
  1. Conduction through the enclosing elements of the building
  2. By ventilation (replacement of warm internal air by cold air)
  3. Loss heat to cold sky or through windows
20
Q
  1. The optimal ratio of surface to volume of a below-ground space is closely related to

A. the internal air temperature and the surrounding soil temperature
B. monthly mean air temperature and relative humidity
C. the internal air temperature and external air temperature
D. the internal surface temperature and the surrounding soil temperature

A

A

Answer in Section: 3.6.2 Geospace

21
Q
  1. In a typical house, stack-effect natural ventilation is not sufficient to restore the occupant’s thermal comfort during the summer because it cannot

A. achieve sufficient indoor air speed
B. achieve sufficient indoor air change rate
C. provide sufficient fresh air
D. reduce indoor surface temperature and achieve air change rate

A

A

Indoor air speed cannot restore comfort for occupants under the hot and humid climate conditions.

22
Q
  1. For a tropical city, intersection angle of street and the local prevailing wind between 30° and 45° are good for

A. for the outdoor ventilation in street area only
B. for the cross ventilation of the houses alone the street only
C. for the outdoor ventilation in street area and the cross ventilation of the houses alone the street
D. the outdoor ventilation in street area but not good for the cross ventilation of the houses alone the street

A

C - According to answer sheet

A street layout to prevailing wind angle of 30 Degrees is ideal for urban ventilation.

23
Q
  1. According to the current building codes, the double-glazed windows of an Auckland house

A. have higher R-value than single-glazed windows, so more wall areas of an Auckland house can be covered by double-glazed windows
B. have lower R-value than walls and roofs but have higher R-value than floors
C. have higher R-value than single-glazed window but have much lower R-value than walls
D. have slightly higher R-value than floors

A

C

Double Glazed Window Value Approx 0.26. Average insulated wall = R2.0

24
Q
  1. Adding thermal mass in an Auckland school building envelope

A. can improve indoor thermal environment and reduce fluctuation of indoor air temperature during the winter
B. can increase indoor mean air temperature and increase fluctuation of indoor air temperature during the winter
C. can improve winter indoor thermal comfort but increase fluctuation of indoor air temperature during the winter
D. can increase air temperature and indoor relative humidity

A

A

Thermal mass helps to regulate indoor temperature, reducing the level of fluctuation.

25
Q
  1. The courtyard of a house in hot-dry climate

A. can provide cross ventilation and outdoor living space for the house
B. can reduce dust, heat gain and moisture in the courtyard
C. can provide shading and outdoor living space
D. can reduce heat gain in the courtyard and increase wind speed

A

C

Courtyard acts like a cooling well providing shade

26
Q
  1. The veranda of a tropical house

A. can reduce indoor heat gain, wind speed and moisture
B. can increase indoor wind speed and air temperature
C. can provide shading and outdoor living space
D. cannot provide stack effect ventilation and outdoor living space

A

C

27
Q
  1. Outdoor living space of a house is

A. important for hot-dry climate only
B. important for hot-humidity climate only
C. important for all climates
D. important for hot-dry climate and tropical climate

A

D

Veranda - Tropical Climate - Provides shading
Courtyard - Hot-Humid Climate - Provides Shading

28
Q
  1. Reflective insulation (aluminum foil) has

A. the same R-value for radiative heat from all different directions
B. higher R-value for the downward radiative heat than the upward radiative heat
C. lower R-value for the downward radiative heat than the upward radiative heat
D. the same R-value for both downward and upward radiative heat

A

B. higher R-value for the downward radiative heat than the upward radiative heat

29
Q
  1. For summer building thermal passive design, the passive control zone of air movement (natural ventilation) can expand the summer thermal comfort zone to

A. a lower temperature and higher relative humidity
B. a higher temperature and lower relative humidity
C. a higher temperature and higher relative humidity
D. both higher temperature and lower temperature

A

A

Ventilation must lower temperature?

30
Q
  1. An airport with a big ratio of building surface to volume, a big ratio of opening areas (louver wall) to wall areas, opening areas covered by mosquito screen, low pitch roof and big overhang of roof, and large low-speed ceiling fans is not designed for

A. the hot-dry climate
B. the temperate climate and the tropical climate
C. the tropical climate
D. the cold climate and the tropical climate

A

A

Conditions ideal for tropical climate

31
Q
  1. For indoor thermal environment for occupants’ comfort and health, winter indoor optimum range of relative humidity of a Auckland house should be

A. lower than 50%
B. higher than 60%
C. between 20% and 80%
D. between 40% and 60%

A

D. between 40% and 60%

40-60% Range is ideal for minimizing indirect health effects.

60 - 80% humidity provides ideal conditions for reproduction of mites

32
Q
  1. Three types of insulations for building thermal design are:

A. Pinkbatts, Earthwool and Cocoon
B. reflective, resistive and capacitive insulations
C. roof insulation, wall insulation and floor insulation
D. polystyrene panel, fiberglass and aluminium sheet

A

B. reflective, resistive and capacitive insulations

33
Q
  1. The most important design factor for direct passive solar heating design of a building is

A. Building opening areas
B. Building orientation
C. Building envelope
D. Building form

A

B. Building orientation

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