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Clinical microscopy > 2022 > Flashcards

2022 Flashcards

1
Q

These casts appear when renal failure is prominent and the damage to the kidneys is severe.
A. Granular Cast
B. WaxyCast
C. Broad Cast
D. Hyaline Cast

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following causes a false negative glucose reagent strip result?
A. Methyldopa
B. C6H806
C. Sulfonamides
D. Sulfhydryl drugs

A

B

Strong reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid (C6H806), that prevent oxidation of the
chromogen may produce false-negative results. *pg63

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3
Q

Alterations in the normal indigenous bacterial flora is caused by what conditions?
I. Presence of a facultative anaerobe
Il. pH of less than 4.5
III. Homogenous vaginal secretions
IV. Presence of an effervescence in the KOH test

A. I, and lil, only
B. I,Il,andIVonly
C. I, Ill, and IV only
D. Aloftheabove

A

C

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4
Q

Which of the following casts are commonly s e e n in patients with amyloidosis?

Select the correct response:
A. Granular Cast
B. WaxyCast
C. Broad Cast
D. Hyaline Cast

A

A

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5
Q

Which of these represent a neutrophil with small, dark, cytoplasmic granules found in a synovial fluid?

A. Reiter cell
B. Rice bodies
C. LE cell
D. Ragocytes

A

D

A. Reiter Cell- Vacuolated macrophage whti ingested neutrophils
B. Rice Bodies-Macroscopically resemble
polished rice; Microscopically show collagen and fibrin
C. LE cell- Neutrophil containing characteristic ingested “round body”
D. Ragocytes
RA cells (or ragocytes, neutrophils with small, dark cytoplasmic granules consisting
precipitated rheumatoid factor

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6
Q

What urine sample is preferred in measuring for 5-HIAA?
A. 24-hour specimen
B. 12-hour specimen
C. Random-Midstream Clean Catch
D. First Morning

A

D

The test can be performed on a random or first
morning specimen; however, false-negative results can occur based on the specimen
concentration and also because 5-HIAA may not be produced at a constant rate throughout the
day. If a 24-hour sample is used, it must be preserved with hydrochloric or boric acid.

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7
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the specific gravity of the urine?
A. Dissolved Solids
B. Turbidity
C. Salt Content
D. Sugar Content

A

A

Because urine is actually water that contains
dissolved chemicals, the specific gravity of urine is a measure of the density of the dissolved
chemicals in the specimen.

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8
Q

A positive sodium nitroprusside test for cystine will require a quantitative analysis. What quantitative method and type of specimen will be used in this manner?
A. Protein Paper Extraction Test- First Morning Specimen
B. Mass Tandem Spectrophotometry MS/MS-12-hour sample
C. lon Exchange Chromatography-24-hour sample
D. Paper Electrophoresis-Random Specimen

A

C

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9
Q

The presence of an increased number of mononuclear cells in the fluid are seen in what conditions?

A. Ascites
B. Inflammation
C. Tuberculosis
D. Bacterial infection

A

B

An increase in urinary WBCs is called pyuria and indicates the presence of an infection or inflammation in the genitourinary system

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10
Q

What substances affect the secretion of the ADH?
I. Diuretics
i. Caffeine
ii. Alcohol
iv. Methanol

A. I,Il,andI
B. I, I, Ill, and VI
C. Il and IV
D. ,IandI

A

A

Methanol is not consumed in the body since it is
toxic or poisonous

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11
Q

What crystal is found in the synovial fluid that produces a negative birefringence which causes false gout?
A. CPPD
B. Apatite
C. Calcium Oxalate
D. Cholesterol

A

A

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12
Q

How long should we do the proper handwashing procedure?
A. 10 seconds
B. Immediately after applying soap
C. 20 seconds
D. 5seconds

A

C

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13
Q

A person suffering from an autoimmune condition that attacks the exocrine glands,
underwent a diagnostic procedure called Schirmer’s test. What is the expected result ofthis patient?
A. 6mmin5minutes
B. 16 mm in 5 minutes
C. 1mmin5minutes
D. 3 mm in 5 minutes

A

D

Schirmer’s test: determines whether the eye produces enough tears to keep ti moist.
Result:
.1 Normal - 215 mm wetting of the paper after 5 minutes
2. Mild - 14-9 mm wetting of the paper after 5 minutes.
3. Moderate - 8-4 mm wetting of the paper after 5 minutes.
4. Severe - <4 mm wetting of the paper after 5 minutes. Persons with Sjögren’s syndrome
moisten <5 m m in 5
minutes
*sn 1;

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14
Q

What type of metabolic disorder that is deficient in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH)causing Type Iof this disorder resulting in the accumulation of excess substance in the plasma?
A. Maple Syrup Urine Disease
B. Melanuria
C. Indicanuria
D. Tyrosyluria

A

D

Type 1 is caused by the deficiency of the
enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). Type 1 produces a generalized renal tubular disorder and progressive liver failure in infants
soon after birth.
Type 2 tyrosinemia is caused by lack of the
enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase.

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15
Q

A speckled pattern on the blood pad of the reagent strip indicates the presence of which of the following?

A. Myoglobinuria
B. AOTA
C. Hematuria
D. Hemoglobinuria

A

D

intact red blood cells are lysed when they come in contact with the pad, and the liberated hemoglobin produces an isolated reaction that results in a speckled pattern on the pad.

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16
Q

A sputum specimen was sent to the laboratory for analysis. The sample came from 56-year old man diagnosed with pneumonia and lung cancer stage III. What results should be expected with regards to the color of the sputum?
A. Black
B. Gray
C. Red
D. Prune

A

C

The most common symptoms of lung cancer are: A cough that does not go away or gets worse. Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum

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17
Q

In performing tests for gastric analysis, which of the following is NOT a good choice of a gastric stimulant?
A. Ewald’s Meal
B. Histamine
C. Betazole
D. Pentagastrin

A

C

Ewald’s Meal- Ewald test is as informative as the augmented histamine test in supporting a clinical diagnosis of duodenal ulcer, the latter shows most clearly the wide variations in the degree of hypersecretion in different patients with duodenal ulcer and is the most
reliable test for establishing presence of achlorhydria

Pentagastrin- It is currently the most
preferred agent administered in doses of 6pg/kg.

Histamine- tI was the first standard stimulant used for gastric acid secretion tests. Subcutaneous injection of
histamine phosphate (0.04mg/kg) is given to stimulate gastric acid

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18
Q

Which of the following tests is NOT a test forAlkaptonuria?
A. Ferric Chloride
B. Benedict’s test
C. Ammoniacal Silver Nitrite
D. Nitrosonaphtholtest

A

B

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19
Q

of nausea, polyuria, vomiting,
lethargy, and skin rashes on both forearms. Laboratory test results are a s follows:
Serum Potassium- Increased
Urinary Sodium- Increased
Serum Aldosterone- Normal
Blood Pressure-Low

What is the probable diagnosis for this patient?

A. Pseudohypoaldosteronism TypelI
B. Conn’s Syndrome
C. Addison’s disease
D. Renal Tubular Acidosis

A

A

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20
Q

This a congenital disorder that manifests
as a pellagra-like rash and causes the
individual to acquire neural changes, what is it the disorder called?
A. Hartnup’s Disease
B. Methionine
C. Isovaleric Acidemia
D. Tyrosinemia

A

A

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21
Q

What is the BEST method used to clearly identify pus cells in fecal samples?
A. Toluidine Blue
B. Indigo Carmine
C. 10% Acetic Acid
D. Phenolphthalein

A

A

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22
Q

Urine that is colorless can be caused by what kind of health conditions?

I. Iron Deficiency
Il. Diabetes
I. Chlorosis
IV. Multiple Sclerosis

A. I,ll,andIlD
B. I,I,Il,andVI
C. I,andVI
D. IlandVI

A

A

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23
Q

Testing for mucopolysaccharides in the urine will require the use of what kind of method?
A. ELISA
B. Acid-Hydroxide
C. Metachromatic Staining/CTAB
D. Carbohydrate stains

A

C

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of ABC fire extinguishers?

A. Foam
B. Halon
C. Mineral oil
D. Sand

A

C

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25
Q

Which of the following C S diseases demonstrate a cobweb or pinetree appearance of the fluid?
A. Fungal Meningitis
B. Viral Meningitis
C. Tubercular Meningitis
D. Bacterial Meningitis

A

C

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26
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?
Statement 1: Urine upper layer in butanol= red= porphobilinogen
Statement 2: Urine bottom layer in chloroform= colorless- robilinogen
Statement 3: Upper layer with butanol= red= urobilinogen
Statement 4: Bottom layer with chloroform= colorless = porphobilinogen

A. statements 1 & 2 are correct
B. Statements 1&3 are correct
C. All statements are correct
D. Statements 3&4 are correct
E. Statements 2&4 are correct

A

D

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27
Q

In trauma cases such as vehicular
accidents, the damage to the bone marrow causes the release of its fat and passes
through the kidneys that appears as what kind of cellular element?
A. Oval fat bodies
B. WaxyCast
C. Coarse Granular Cast
D. Ghostcells

A

A

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28
Q

Which of the following will be the case in which a urine sample will be rejected for laboratory testing?

A. Patients sample was improperly labeled
B. More than 50 mL of urine sample was submitted
C. The specimen had been refrigerated
D. Specimen and request did not coincide

A

D

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29
Q

What is the sieve-like component part of the kidney that filters the blood?
A. Glomerulus
B. Bowman’s capsule
C. Glomerular basement membrane
D. Renal tubules

A

A

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30
Q

What can be used as a preservative for the Addis count?
A. Concentrated HNO3
B. Concentrated HCI
C. Chloroform
D. 40 % Formalin

A

D

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31
Q

A refractometer utilizes the principle of refractive index. A urometer uses buoyancy to measure the sg of a urine.

A. Both statements are wrong
B. Both statements are correct
C. First false, second true
D. First true, second false

A

B

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32
Q

Patient had a Buffet prior to the examination. What could be the possible diagnosis with these urinalysis findings?

  1. Color pale straw
  2. Transparency slightly hazy
  3. Specific gravity 1.030
  4. Glucose 1+
  5. Protein negative
  6. Pus cells 5-7/hpf
  7. Bacteria few
  8. Nitrite negative
    9 hyaline cast 0-2/hpf

A. UTI
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Cystitis
D. High carbohydrate meal

A

D

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33
Q

64-year-old patient with asthma complaining with difficulty of breathing (DOB). Fluid was aspirated in the lungs and was sent to the laboratory for analysis and the technologist on duty noticed a few crystals. What are these?

A. Creola bodies, Curschmann’s Spiral, Charcot-Leyden Crystals
B. Creola bodies, Curschmann’s Spiral, Charcot-Leyden Crystals
C. Creola bodies, Curschmann’s Crystals, Charcot-Leyden Crystals
D. Creola antibodies, Curschmann’s Spiral, Charcot-Leyden Crystals

A

A

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34
Q

Which of the following is a modulation types of microscope?

A. Nomarski
B. Birefringence
C. Electron
D. Hoffman

A

D

Two types of interference-contrast microscopy
are available: modulation contrast (Hoffman) and differential-interference contrast (Nomarski)

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35
Q

Which of the ff causes red wine urine?

I. Beets
II. Phenindione
III. Phenolphthalein
IV. Cranberry juice

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and IV
D. III and IV

A

A

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36
Q

Among the ff disorders of the stomach, which of these can causes achlorhydria?

A. Stomach carcinoma
B. Gastric ulcer
C. Peptic ulcer
D. Intrinsic factor deficiency

A

D

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37
Q

What test uses NaOH to differentiate fetal from maternal blood?
A. Orcinol’sTest
B. Whiff’s Test
C. Taubner’s Test D. Apt’s Test

A

D

Apt’s test- aka Alkali Denaturation Test uses 1% NaOH or Sodium Hydroxide.

38
Q

Conditions such as the rupturing of the amniotic sac membrane, and congenital defects will result in the fetus to acquire what disorder?

A. Chromosomal abnormalities
B. Neural tube disorders
C. Polyhydramnios
D. Oligohyamnios

A

C

39
Q

Which of the following conditions causes
C. Consumption of bismuth and oily the positive appearance of bilirubin in urine?

I.Hepatitis
II. Cirrhosis
III. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
IV. Gallstones

A. 1,andIII
B. Il,andIV
C . I , II , a n d IV
D. I ,I l l , a n d IV

A

A

40
Q

The absence of this fecal enzyme suggests the inability to digest gelatin in the x-ray film. What is the lacking substance?

A. Carbohydrate
B. Trypsin
C. Elastase I
D. Chymotrypsin

A

B

41
Q

How is urine turning alkaline under these conditions?
A. Fourhours travel time
B. Intake of green leafy vegetables
C. Prolonged standing at room temperature
D. Breakdown of urea to ammonia by the bacteria

A

D

42
Q

Which of the following procedures should the patient undergo prior to fecal examination?

A. Drinking too much
B. Avoiding coffee, cocoa, chocolate and cherries
C. Consumption of bismuth and oily foods
D. Avoiding vegetables rich foods

A

B

43
Q

37-year-old female with swelling of the lower extremities. General check-up was done and ti showed the following results using a polarizing microscope. Which of these could cause the patient to acquire edema?
I. Cholesterol- 403 mg/dL ( NV: 200 mg/dL)
II. Serum albumin- 24 g/L (NV: 34-54 g/L)
III. Urine protein- 3+
IV. Renal cells- Few

A. Membranous glomerulonephritis
B. IgA Nephropathy
C. Nephrotic Syndrome
D. Renal Tubular Acidosis

A

C

44
Q

When are centrifuges calibrated?

A. Anually
B. 6 months
C. 3 months
D. Quarterly

A

C

45
Q

Anincreasedamountoftryptophanand
indole in the blood and urine will allow urine
to turn blue after exposing it to air.
Which of the following describes this metabolic disorder?
A. Maple Syrup Urine Disease
B. Tyrosyluria
C. Indicanuria
D. Melanuria
E. Alkaptonuria

A

C

46
Q

Which of the following is true?
The presence of lipid-laden macrophages in a fluid indicates that the fluid is of chylous
origin. Diseases such as Hepatic
Cirrhosis can result in the production of a
pseudochylous effusion.
A. Both statements are true
B. First statement is false. Second
statement is true
C. First statement is true. Second statement is false
D. Both statements are false

A

A

47
Q

A synovial fluid was collected for crystal
identification, what additive shall be use to contain it?
A. EDTA (sprayed)
B. NaF
C. EDTA(powdered)
D. Heparin

A

D

fluid is often collected in a syringe that has been moistened with heparin.
1. sterile heparinized tube for Gram stain and culture
2. A heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube for cell counts
3. A non-anticoagulated tube for other tests
4. A sodium fluoride tube for glucose
analysis
5. Powdered anticoagulants should not be
used because they may produce
artifacts

48
Q

Which of the following test results indicates excess amounts of protein in the CSF?
A. Noguchi’s Test- Faint Opalescence
B. Pandy’s Test- Immediate formation of a bluish-white cloud
C. Ross-Jones- formation of a grayish-white ring after 5 minutes
D. Qualitative Benedict’s- yellow
precipitate

A

B

49
Q

Which of the following contributes in
hazy to turbid clarity of urine? .i WBC
ü.RBC ji.C a s t s iv.Yeasts
A. I,and Il only
B. I, Il,and IV
C. I, II and III
D. I, Ill, and IV

A

D

50
Q

Which of the following crystals resemble a “scallop-like appearance?”
A. Cholesterol
B. UricAcid
C. Tyrosine
D. Leucine

A

D

51
Q

A person who suffers a malignant melanoma will produce what specific color in their urine?
A. Blue-Black
B. Black
C. Charcoal Black
D. Grayish Black

A

B

52
Q

Which of the following areas poses the greatest risk in a developing infant when plotted in a Liley’s Graph?
A. ZoneIV
B. Zone III
C. ZoneIl
D. Zone I

A

B

53
Q

Based on these urinary findings of a 32-year old male, what type of porphyria is
being depicted?
I. Delta-aminolevulinic acid- 2x Increased
II. Porphobilinogen-2x Increased
III. Coporphyrins- Increased
IV. Uroporphyrins- Normal

A. Acquired Porphyria cutanea tarda
B. Gunther’s Disease
C. Congenital Erythropoietic porphyria
D. Acute intermittent porphyria

A

C

54
Q

What stain is use to determine fecal leukocvtes in stool and is useful for the
diagnosis of dysentery?
A. Eosin-nigrosin
B. Werner’s test
C. Sudan’stest
D. Methylene blue

A

D

Methylene blue staining is the faster procedure but may be more difficult to interpret.

55
Q

What are Shadow Cells in the urine made up of?
A. Oval fat bodies
B. Degenerated Cells
C. FreshRBCs
D. Hemolyzed RBCs

A

D

Lysed cell, which are referred to as “ghost” or “shadow” cells, are faint, colorless circles and are actually the empty red cell mem- branes. Graff’s

56
Q

What crystal precipitates both in an alkali and acidic environment, and is often found in foods such as tomatoes, cocoa, and tea?

A. Calcium Phosphate
B. Acid Urates
C. CalciumOxalate
D. Triple Phosphate

A

C

  1. Calcium oxalate crystals are frequently seen in acidic urine, but they can be
    found in neutral urine and even rarely in alkaline urine.
  2. They are also associated with foods high in oxalic acid, such as tomatoes
    and asparagus, and ascorbic acid, because oxalic acid is an end product of ascorbic acid metabolism.
57
Q

Which of the following white blood cells are not detected by the leukocyte esterase reaction?
A. Neutrophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Basophil
D. Monocyte
E. Lymphocyte

A

E

Leukocyte esterase in the granuloctic white
blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, a n d basophils) and monocytes.

58
Q

What is the order in which casts degenerate?

A.fine granular, coarse granular, cellular, waxy
B. Waxy, cellular, coarse granular, fine granular
C. Coarse granular, fine granular, waxy, cellular
D. Cellular, coarse granular, fine granular, waxy

A

D

59
Q

Non-glomerular hematuria the RBCs are uniform in shape. In glomerular hematuria the RBCs are consistent in size.

A. First statement is wrong, second is wrong
B. First statement is correct, second statement is wrong
C. Both are correct
D. Both are wrong

A

B

60
Q

Which of the following tests can be used to detect for bile in fecal samples?
A. Huppert’s Test
B. Hernatest
C. Benzidine Test
D. Schmidt’s Test

A

A

61
Q

Which of the ff is unique to the kidneys?

I. RTE
II. Uromodulin
III. Albumin
IV. Epithelial cells

A. I, II and III
B. I, II and IV
C. I, II, III and IV
D. I and II only

A

D

62
Q

Which of the following is use to detect for inborn errors of metabolism?
A. Electrophoresis
B. Mass Tandem Spectrophotometry MS/MS
C. Diffusion
D. Colorimetry

A

B

Expanded newborn screening for IEMs by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an efficient approach for early diagnosis and
presymptomatic treatment to prevent severe permanent sequelae and death.

63
Q

In the Ferric chloride phenvketonuria produces the color?
A. Green-gray
B. Blue-green
C. Transient green
D. Violet-blue

A

B

Ferric chloride tube test Phenylketonuria & 5-HIAA- blue green
Tyrosyluria- transient green
Alkaptonuria-Translent blue
Melanuria- Gray Black
Maple syrup urine disease-Green gray indicanuria- violet-blue

64
Q

Which of the following parasites is seen in a patient with bladder cancer?
A. Entamoeba coli
B. Schistosoma haematobium
C. Enterobius vermicularis
D. Trichomonas vaginalis

A

B

65
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cause of steatorrhea?
A. Protein enteropathy
B. Obstructive Jaundice
C. Sprue
D. Lipase deficiency

A

A

66
Q

Based on the following results, which of these disorders in the patient currently suffering to?
Color-Dark Straw
Transparency-Hazy
Specific gravity-1.025
Glucose-Trace
Protein-3+
RBC- 100-150/hpf
Pus cell- 20-25/hpf
Broadcast- 5-7/hpf

A. Chronic pyelonephritis
B. Membranous glomerulonephritis
C. Acute renal failure
D. Chronic renal failure

A

D

Note; appearance of broadcast indicates renal failure

67
Q

What cells can be used as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis in a pleural effusion in which there is significant decrease and findings of them?
A. Mesothelial cells
B. Malignant cells
C. Neutrophil
D. Plasma cells

A

A

68
Q

Bile stained, broad, waxy casts are seen as a result of what disease?
A. Biliary Obstruction
B.Hepatocarcinoma
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Viral Hepatitis

A

A

69
Q

After collecting fluid from the amniotic yolk sac, it must then be transferred to what container?
A. A glass sterile tube
B. Acontainer with EDTA
C. Heparinized test tube
D. Amber-colored plastic containers

A

D

To protect bilirubin if there is HDN

70
Q

What is the name of macrophage with
vacuoles inside which are found in serous fluids?
A. Psammoma bodies
B. Signet-Ring Macrophages
C. Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages
D. Siderophages

A

B

71
Q

Which of the following is a gold standard
for the glomerular filtration rate?
A. Osmolality
B. Inulin
C. Creatinine Clearance
D. Concentration test

A

B

72
Q

What is the purpose of the blueing agent in drug testing centers?
A. Prevent adulterationof the specimen
B. Allows precise and specific testing
C. Prevent microbial growth
D. Prevent contamination

A

A

73
Q

What principle is being utilized by Semi-Automated analyzers?
A. Turbidimetry
B. Colorimetry
C. Reflectance Photometry
D. Nephelometry

A

D

The instruments read and interpret the reagent strip results consistently, thereby standardizing the interpretation of reagent strip results and eliminating personnel color bias and timing discrepancies

74
Q

Which of the following is a primary source/s errors in doing the clearance test for the kidney?
A. Time of collection
B. Contaminatedspecimen
C. Al of the above
D. Improper mixing

A

A

75
Q

Which of the following tests can differentiate a transudate from an exudate?

A. Rosenow’s method
B. Amnio-Stat FLM
C. UCG Test
D. Rivalta’s Test

A

D

76
Q

Which of the following is incorrect?

A. Xanthochromia is seen in a hemorrhagic CSF
B. CSF contains clots in a traumatic tap
C. Clear supernatant after centrifugation in a traumatic tap
D. Presence of hemoglobin laden macrophages in a traumatic tap

A

D

77
Q

Which of the following produces a cabbage odor in the urine?
A. Diabetes
B. Isovaleric Acidemia
C. Methionine
D. Tyrosinemia
E. PKU

A

C

78
Q

Which of the following describes hemosiderin-laden cells that are seen in alveolar hemorrhages?

A. Siderophages
B. Carbon-laden cells
C. Dust cells
D. Hematoidin

A

D

results from the destruction of red blood
cells. The formation of these hemosiderin
deposits and hematoidin crystals occurs
approximately 18 hours following a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

79
Q

What type of effusion is a result of changes in hydrostatic pressure which is due to congestive heart failure and decreased serum protein?

A. Pericardial effusion
B. Exudates
C. Pleural effusion
D. Transudates

A

D

Exudates- are produced by conditions that directly involve the membranes of
the particular cavity, including infections
and malignancies

Transudates - changes in hydrostatic pressure created by congestive heart failure or the hypoproteinemia associated with the nephrotic syndrome are called transudates

80
Q

Which of the following causes a false
negative urine protein strip result?

A. Contaminated sample
B. Alkaline urine
C. Bence jones protein
D. 3-hours standing of samples at rt

A

C

False-negative results can occur in dilute urines and when proteins other than albumin are present in slightly elevated concentrations.

81
Q

Which of the following is an indicative of a good digestive system that is found in fecal samples?
A. Fatty Acid Crystals
B .Vegetablefiber
C. Detritus
D. Food Remnants

A

B

82
Q

What is produced by Fetal Type lI pneumonocytes that is known to assess lung maturity of a fetus?
A. Phospholipid bodies
B. Hemosiderin Laden Macrophages
C. Rice Bodies
D. Lamellar bodies

A

D

lamellar bodies Organelles produced by type Il pneumonocytes in the fetal lung that contain lung surfactants

83
Q

A kidney disease associated with the following conditions, what could be the disorder with these laboratory results?
due to congestive heart decreased serum protein?

I. Decrease in urinary pH
II. Urine glucose- (+)
III. Serum glucose- normal
IV. Urinary potassium- increased
V. Serum potassium- decreased

A. Liddle Syndrome
B. Conn’s syndrome
C. Fanconni’s syndrome
D. Nephrotic diabetes insipidus

A

C

Liddle Syndrome- A rare dominant hereditary disorder in which the collecting tubules excrete K+ but retain too much Na+ and H 2 0 leading to high blood pressure

Conn’s Syndrome- hormonal condition
in which one or both adrenal glands produce more of the hormone aldosterone than normal

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus- These results show increased Na+ levels in the blood and very diluted urine.

Fanconi syndrome - Is a disorder that results in excess amounts of glucose, bicarbonate, phosphates, uric acid, potassium and certain amino acids being
excreted in the urine. Blood tests show an increased level of acid while urine is seen as an increase in glucose levels

84
Q

This procedure induces the formation of sweat and the normal range for adults is less than 40 while for infants is below 30. What is this called?
A. lontophoresis
B. Pilocarpine
C. Electrophoresis
D. CysticFibrosisTest

A

D

Pilocarpine - sweat inducing drug

85
Q

Which of the following conditions can lead to a decreased sperm count due to gonadotropic deficiency?
A. Oospermia
B. Oligospermia
C. Azoospermia
D. Necrozoospermia

A

B

86
Q

Which of the following is a method for Bence-Jones protein determination?
A. Salt acetic acid test
B. Esbach’s Test
C. Osgood-Haskin Test
D. Thormalen Test

A

C

87
Q

Which of the following can be used as a
solubility reagent to confirm the presence of colorless, hexagonal, uneven sided crystals in the urine sample?
A. Acetic Acid
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Ether
D. Chloroform

A

B

88
Q

Which of the following vaginal diseases indicates the absence of white blood cells in the secretions?
A. Trichomoniasis
B. Bacterial Vaginosis
C. Atrophic Vaginitis D. Candidiasis

A

C

89
Q

53-year-old male recovered from a community acquired pneumonia-Moderate Risk (CAP-MR) infection complained of blood when urinating. Findings are summarized below. What is the possible cause of the red urine?

Serum IgA 672 mg/dL (NV: 70-400 mg/dL)
Urine protein- 2+
RBC- 100-150 /hpf

A. Wegener’s Granulomatosis
B. ChronicPSGN
C. Berger’s Disease
D. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

A

C

AKA IgA nephropathy, ni which immune complexes containing IgA are deposited on the glomerular membrane, is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis. Patients have increased serum levels of IgA, which may be a result of a mucosal infection. The disorder is most frequently seen in children and young adults.
*pg149

90
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
A. Increased urine specific gravity is attributed to a pale straw color
B. Decreased urine specific gravity is attributed to a yellow color
C. Increased urine specific gravity is attributed to a dark straw color
D. Decreased urine specific gravity is attributed to a straw color

A

C

91
Q

Which of the following will result in the failure to inherit the gene to produce hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase causing
the buildup of uric acid in the body?
A. Melituria
B. Lesch-Nyhan
C. Galactosuria
D. Kidney Stones

A

B

Lesch-Nyhan disease that is inherited as a sex-linked recessive results in massive excretion of urinary uric acid crystals. Failure to inherit the gene to produce the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine
phosphoribosvltransferase IS responsible for the accumulation of uric acid throughout the body.

92
Q

What urinary sediment appears as a ladder shaped crystal?
A. Cystine
B. Uric Acid
C. Cholesterol
D. Triple Phosphate

A

C

Clinical microscopy (3 decks)

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