2020 Revision Flashcards
Medical patch checklist
What’s written on it?
The term SCCM is implemented
Patients... Age Gender Seat number Problem/complaint All above have been rearranged and crew should proved this at early stage to Medlink
In & out of consciousness is now example of critical incident.
Name and weight are now at the bottom of the checklist. This info is for cabin crew & ground staff reference
O2 bottle new operation?
- Unplug the green stopper from the selected flow outlet (“HI”/”LO”) or flow outlet of the oxygen bottle.
- Connect the dispensing tube and the yellow cup mask to the flow outlet.
- Turn the tamper proof cap to break the seal.
- Ensure oxygen is flowing by checking that the flow indicator on the dispensing
tube turns to green colour. - Place the mask over the nose and mouth and place the securing elastic strap over
the head. Adjust the straps. - Observe the passenger’s condition.
- After use, remove the mask. Turn the control knob fully off (clockwise).
- Ensure the green band disappears in the flow indicator on the dispensing tube.
- Disconnect the dispensing tube from the oxygen bottle, put in a plastic bag and
dispose to lavatory waste bin.
10.Inform the Captain.
Oxygen bottle pre flight checks
Bottle is secured with minimum pressure of 1800 PSI
tamper-proof cap and seal intact
one set of dispensing tube and yellow cup mask per oxygen bottle
Hypoxia
Sings & Symptoms 1-3
- Headache and dizziness
- Rapid, distressed breathing and gasping
- Difficulty speaking
Hypoxia
Sings & Symptoms 4-6
- Anxiety and restlessness
- Fatigue, excessive sleepiness and loss of coordination
- Bluish discolouration of the skin
Hypoxia
What is the cause?
Not enough oxygen
Hypoxia
treatment?
Treatment
- Give oxygen.
- Loosen tight clothing.
- Call MedLink.
DVT
What is the cause?
Blood clot in vein
DVT
Signs & symptoms part 1?
1 Only about half of the casualties with deep vein thrombosis have symptoms.
i. Swelling of the calf
ii. Pain or tenderness in the leg - the pain is usually in one
leg and may be worse when standing or walking.
iii. Redness of the affected leg.
DVT
Signs & symptoms part 2?
- “Pulmonary Embolism” may occurs. In addition to the above,
i. Chest pain when taking a deep breath.
ii. Shortness of breath.
DVT
Treatment?
1 Raise the leg (at least 6 IN) to prevent the clot from enlarging and to reduce swelling.
2 Loosen tight clothing.
3 If “Pulmonary Embolism” occurs, give oxygen.
4 Monitor breathing and pulse.
5 Call MedLink.
DVT
How to prevent
Encourage passengers to carry out in-seat exercises
hyperglycaemia
(Diabetic)
What is the cause?
Hyperglycaemia is too much sugar or a lack of insulin.
This can result in a loss of consciousness and can last for few days.
hyperglycaemia
(Diabetic)
Signs & Symptoms 1-3?
- Dry skin
- Rapid pulse
- Deep breathing
hyperglycaemia
(Diabetic)
Signs & Symptoms 4-5?
- Breath smells faintly of nail varnish remover or fruity sweet breath
- Excessive thirst
hyperglycaemia
(Diabetic)
Treatment?
- Make casualty as comfortable as possible.
- Call MedLink.
- Monitor breathing and pulse.
Hyperventilation
What is it?
emotional over breathing
Hyperventilation
Cause?
Hyperventilation causes an excessive loss of carbon dioxide, Due to anxiety or fear, over breathing is the body’s reaction to release nervous tension.
Hyperventilation
Signs & Symptoms?
- Unnaturally fast or deep breathing
- Dizziness and blurring of vision
- Numbness and tingling sensation of hands and feet
- No apparent change in skin colour
Hyperventilation
Treatment?
- Reassure the casualty.
- Instruct the casualty to breathe slowly.
- Call MedLink.
Epilepsy
What is it?
disruption in the normal electrical activity of brain”
Epilepsy
Signs & symptoms 1-3?
- suddenly falls unconscious, strange cry.
- body becomes rigid for a few seconds with arching of the back.
- Breathing may cease for a short time.
Epilepsy
Signs & symptoms 4-6?
- Lips may turn blue.
- Convulsive movements begin.
- The jaw may be clenched, breathing noisily, loss of bladder or bowel
control. Saliva at the mouth, blood-stained if lips or tongue is bitten.
Epilepsy
Signs & symptoms 7-0?
- Finally the muscles relax and breathing becomes normal.
- regains consciousness within a few minutes.
He may feel dazed and be unaware of his actions. - may want to sleep following an epileptic fit.
Epilepsy
Treatment 1-4?
- support the casualty or ease his fall.
- Do not move him unless he is in danger.
- Protect the casualty by padding area around him
- Do not forcibly restrain his movements.
Epilepsy
Treatment 5-7?
- Do not put anything in his mouth or try to open it.
- convulsions cease, place him in the recovery position. Stay with him
- Call MedLink.
Shock
What is it?
Insufficient fluid to body
Shock
Causes?
- caused by a heart attack where the heart fails to do its work and the pressure of the circulating blood is reduced.
- Another major cause is a decrease in the volume of fluid circulating around the body.
- common examples are external or internal bleeding,
- or loss of other bodily fluids through severe diarrhoea, vomiting, or
burns.
Shock
Signs & Symptoms 1-4?
Rapid and shallow breathing
Pulse rate increases, but is weak and irregular Pale
grey skin
Lips turn blue
Shock
Signs & Symptoms 5-7?
Weakness and dizziness
Restless and anxious
Nausea, and possibly vomiting
Shock
Signs & Symptoms 8-10?
Sweating, cold and clammy skin
Thirsty
Finally, the heart may stop
Shock
Treatment 1-3?
- Treat any obvious cause of shock if possible e.g. external
bleeding. - Lay the casualty down, keep the head low, raise and support the
legs to improve the blood supply to the vital organs i.e. brain,
heart and lungs. - Loosen tight clothing.
Shock
Treatment 4-6?
- Keep the casualty warm.
- Do not give anything to eat or drink., moisten his lips with water.
- If unconscious with breathing, place him in the recovery position.
Shock
Treatment 7-9?
- CPR and AED are needed if there is no breathing.
- Monitor breathing and pulse.
- Call MedLink.
Unconscious
What it is?
interruption of brain’s normal activity
Unconsciousness
Treatment? 1-4
- Check the casualty’s level of consciousness
- Ensure airway is clear.
- Place in recovery position and open airway.
- Loosen tight clothing.
Unconsciousness
Treatment? 5-8?
- Treat any serious wounds or fractures.
- Keep the casualty warm.
- Give oxygen if difficulty in breathing.
- Do not give anything by mouth.
Unconsciousness
Treatment? 9-13?
- Do not move unnecessarily because of the possibility of back and neck injury.
- Do not leave the casualty unattended.
- Commence with CPR and use AED if required.
- Monitor breathing and pulse.
- Call MedLink
Blood and Body Fluid Exposure
Eyes
What to do?
- eyes are involved, immediately gently wash with a large amount of cold water. Ensure both surfaces of the eye-lids are washed.
- Consult doctor
Blood and Body Fluid Exposure
Mouth
What to do?
in mouth, spit out any fluid, rinse mouth with water and spit out again.
Consult doctor
Blood and Body Fluid Exposure
On broken skin
What to do?
on broken skin, encourage bleeding by squeezing the edges of the area and wash with soap under running water.
Consult doctor
Nose bleeding
Treatment 1-3?
- Sit the casualty down with head slightly forward
- pinch the soft part of the nose and breathe through mouth
- Tell him not to speak, swallow, cough, or sniff
to speak, swallow, cough, or sniff
Nose bleeding
Treatment 4-6?
- Give him a clean cloth or tissue to wipe away blood
- Tell the casualty to spit out any blood from mouth
- Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose
Nose bleeding
Treatment 7-9
- After 10 minutes, gently release the pressure
- If nose is still bleeding,
reapply the pressure for another 10 minutes - If the nosebleed persists > 30 minutes, contact MedLink
Bruises
Signs & symptoms
- Pain
- Swelling and skin discoloration
- The bruise begins as a pinkish red color
Bruises
Treatment 1?
Place a cold compress to help it heal faster and to
reduce swelling.
Apply the cold compress for up to 15 minutes per hour.
use a clean towel soaked in very cold water or a bag of ice wrapped in a cloth -
DO NOT place ice directly on the skin.
Bruises
Treatment 2-5
- Keep the bruised area raised above the heart
- rest the bruised body part
- offer Paracetamol to reduce pain.
- Seek prompt medical help if there is any swelling
around the bruise, especially if it occurs at a joint. This can signal danger to nerves, muscles, and bones,
Fever
Signs & symptoms
1-3?
- Body temperature higher than 38°C or 100.4°F
- Headache , Muscle aches
- Shivering
Fever
Signs & symptoms
4-7?
- Sweating
- Lack of appetite
- Dehydration
- Weakness
Fever
Treatment 1-2
- Offer Paracetamol. help to relieve the aches and pains that go with fever.
- Offer plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration (avoid drinks containing caffeine, including colas and tea as it can cause the casualty to urinate more).
Fever
Treatment 3-5?
- Remove extra blankets and clothing
heat can leave the body and help lower the body temperature. - A tepid/lukewarm towel applied to the forehead or neck ** ice packs/cold water should not be used, cause shivering which raises body temperature.
- Call MedLink if the fever persists after 1 HR.
AED
Pre flight check?
- Break Green/Blue Seal on Container Retrieve AED
- Check Black Seal Intact
- Check Hour Glass Flashing
- Reseal Container with Green Seal
AED
Pad location for above 8 years old?
- (RIGHT PAD) below the collarbone and to the right of the sternum.
AED
Pad location for below 8 years old?
- one pad should be placed in the middle of the chest.
- the other pad in the middle of the back, between the
shoulder
AED
Patient criteria ?
- Not breathing NORMALLY (e.g. Gasping or agonal breathing).
- Severe chest pain or any other signs and symptoms of heart attack.
- Unconsciousness.
New born CPR
What to do?
Give two ventilations first
Exit row definition?
- Row/Seat where occupants egress is not impaired by any other seat
- can reach an emergency exit without first entering an aisle
Passengers forbidden to sit at emergency exit?
- Children Under 12
- Deportees/INAD/Prisoners
- Passengers Require Use of Extension Seat Belt (CRD)
- Passengers with Reduced Mobility
- Passengers Unable to Understand Cabin Crew Instructions
- Passengers Require Usage of Oxygen Bottles or MPED
- Passengers Confirmed Intoxicated or Drug Abused
- Battery-powered wheelchairs or other similar mobility devices
with lithium ion batteries where the batteries is designed to be removed, the battery must be…..?
carried in the cabin.
- The restriction limiting aerosols in Division 2.2 for sporting or home use may now be….
in either checked or carry-on baggage.
CPR Drill sequence
Check scene safe
Take universal precautions
Inform Captain & ISM get the AED
No obstruction (while checking airway)
Check breathing for 10 seconds 1-1000 2-1000 etc…
Start CPR
Give two ventilations after 30 compressions
Objectives of first aid?
Save life
Prevent condition from worsening
Promote recovery
Actions when giving first aid?
Great on spot
Check level of conciseness
Check vital signs
Obtain history
Obtain signs & symptoms
Diagnosis & treatment
Medical support
Other considerations
