2020 Lit Flashcards
abomasitis survivors (calves) were
less hypothermic, less acidemic, had lower lactate and creat
most common lab findings in calves with abomasitis
hyper L-lactate, high GGT, low TP
most common isolates of abomasitis in calves
clostridium and e. coli
management of dental disease in alpacas
recommend doing BCS, palpating mandibles, cleaning pastures, and decreasing herd size to decrease risk
what was associated with increased odds of pulp exposure in alpacas
infrequent pasture cleaning
in the study of cross country horses, what did the strong ion approach find?
identified a higher proportion of metabolic acidosis
how are glucose and insulin affected by alpha 2 agonists
xylazine was found to cause rebound hyperinsulinemia in ID horses
how does C1-C2 CSF collection differ from LS
lower mean protein and RBC count
does freezing and thawing affect ACTH concentrations in samples?
yes, increasingly so with repeated cycles, so unfrozen samples should be used
how does nebulizing dex affect bacteria in the URT
decreased microbial diversity - EHV-2 increased and EHV-5 decreased
how does nebulizing saline affect URT bacteria
there was a significant decrease in strep
how does transport affect gastric ulceration
significantly increases risk of squamous ulcers
feeding prior can = delayed emptying
despite increased pH
most frequently isolated bacteria from infected IVC’s in cattle/sheep/goats
coagulase negative staph
treatment of CDI in a horse
daily SC injections of desmopressin acetate, a synthetic AVP(ADH) analog
Paraoxonase-1
biomarker that decreases during inflammation, like SIRS - low value may predict negative outcome
what is significantly lower in non-surviving small ruminants with re-feeding syndrome
P
non thyroidal illness syndrome in foals
foals born from mares with placentitis
sick non survivors had significantly lower T3:cortisol and T4:cortisol ratio vs survivors at 12 and 24 hours – TH alone not associated with outcome though
placental infections impair fetal thyroid function
surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism is more successful when
single tumor at the thoracic inlet
hyper-PTH managed medically will result in what
the horse remains hyper calcemic
CS of primary hyper PTH
weight loss
hypercalcemia
hyper PTH
in the 2020 EJV Cozar paper, post op colic sx complications were associated with
- strangulations
- higher fibrinogen at admision
in the 2020 EJV Cozar paper, survival to discharge was associated with
lower SAA at 5 days post op
synchronized vaccination schedules can lead to
high risk periods when all horses immunity is waning at once
____ @ diagnosis of severe pyloric lesions = less likely to survive
age less than 3 years
what cells are reduced in horses with IBC
interstitical cells of cajal
remission of headshaking with PENS
53%, median time 9.5 weeks
APD’s > 25 per 24hrs in the 5d period post AF conversion indicates what
risk of AF recurrence in the year following TVEC Tx
equine rhinitis A virus respiratory dz
- attack rate for infectious resp dz 97.9%
- median recovery time 6d
- later born foals less likely to recover quickly
most common abnormalities on admit with atypical myopathy
hypertriglyceridemia 92%
hyperlactatemia 89%
hyperglycemia 76%
atypical myopathy survivors had ?
lower blood lactate and lower CK
about 44% survivors in the Dunkel 2020 study
atypical myopathy non survivors had
increasing CK and TG
acylCo-A dehydrogenase deficiency
-impaired mitochondrial metabolism
-excess lipid within myofibers
atypical myopathy
second most common strangulating intestinal lesion in horses
epiploic foramen entrapment
most important predisposing factor for epiploic foramen entrapment recurrence
intra-abdominal pressure
most frequent location of intestinal neoplasia (dyson 2020)
jejunum
procalcitonin
peritoneal concentration > 281pg/ml can indicate strangulating intestinal lesions, sensitivity 81%
optimal serum total protein for neonatal dairy calves associated with health and growth
6.0 - 8.5 g.dL
most common genital tract tumor type in goats
adenocarcinoma
– high odds of mets
– increased odds of euthanasia in does that are straining
– pygmy goats over-represented
– median age 10yrs
– overall survival low 30%
what parameters were associated with neuro signs in foals (Dunkel 2020)
Na (low) and BUN (high)
Dunkel found that ___ Na was associated with neuro signs in foals
low
hypo defined as Na <125mmol/L
most important risk factor for incisional hernia formation
infection
30-60 days post op
sodium correction
Current recommendations are to treat chronic and acute hyponatremia equally conservatively if Na+ concentrations are <120 mmol/L.
In symptomatic cases, an increase of 4 to 8 mmol/L (approximately 5% increase in Na+ concentration) over
the first 6 hours of therapy often alleviates clinical signs, and further increases should not exceed a total of 10 mmol/L/d.
In cases with no neurological symptoms, a gradual increase by 10% per day should be targeted.
