2020 Flashcards
definition of translucency
the ability of a material to allow light to pass through however, this light is either scattered by one of the surfaces or internally, leading to a blurring of the transmitted light
definition of opalescence
ability of a translucent material to appear blue in reflected light and yellow in transmitted light
how does silane coupling agent work
hydroxyl groups at one end , C=C at the other
hydroxyl groups bond with oxide groups on ceramic surface
C=C interacts with similar groups on the (composite) luting agent
function of silane in composite restorative material
chemically bonds filler particles and resin matrix together
four main features of a randomised controlled trial
comparison group
allocation concealment
randomised group allocation
blinding of researchers
describe how randomisation can be implemented in a RCT
use a computer based programme to randomly allocate each person to either group. This means each patient will have the same chance of being in either group
name 4 patient related factors that may need to be considered when analysing results of RCT concerning teeth
age
medical history
tooth condition
smoking status
tooth type
standards developed to improve reporting of RCTs?
CONSORT guidelines
4 questions to ask a smoker?
how long have you smoked?
how many a day?
What do you smoke?
how soon after waking up do you have a cigarette?
have you ever tried to quit in the past?
would you like help quitting now?
definition of dependence
being controlled by and relying on
what are the 3 As
ask
advise
act
two evidence based methods for smoking cessation
nicotine replacement therapy
varenicline (champix)
what to do if patient doesnt want smoking cessation help now
document the conversation and advice given in notes.
Make note to revisit the topic at next appointment in case changed his mind.
If available give a leaflet with helpline numbers
how to clinically assess antero -posterior relationship
palpate anterior concavities of mandible and maxilla using index and middle finger
visually assess side on
maxilla should ideally be 2-3mm anterior to mandible
how to clinically assess vertical skeletal relationship
assess FMPA - frankfort and mandibular planes ideally should meet at external occipital protuberence
Determine ratio of LAFH:TAFH - average is lower is 50% of TAFH
how would you describe the developmental skeletal relationship of someone with a class III incisor relationship
mandibular prognathism
maxillary hypoplasia
reference plane for OPT
frankfort
three features of ghost images
horizontally magnified
higher up
opposite side
what setting of OPT could you use for a child
p4
advantages of extracting 1st permanent molars at the ideal time
spontaneous closure of space
caries free dentition
disadvantages of extracting 1st permanent molars of poor prognosis
anxiety surrounding future treatment
risks assosciated with GA
loss of a molar for functional purposes e.g eating
what two methods of anaesthesia might a child require to have molars removed
general anaesthetic
inhalation sedation
what guidance should we refer to for treating patients taking warfarin surrounding timings of INR
SDCEP - within 24 hours
NICE - 72 hours if INR stable
3 examples of post op bleeding management
prolonged pressure with damp gauze
sutures
La with vasoconstrictor
pack with surgicel
diathermy
how would you describe total loss of sensation in a nerve
anaesthesia
three clinical reasons for nerve damage
transected during surgery
cut during flap design
crushed during tooth extraction
LA injected directly into nerve
two acts of law related to disabled people
Equality act 2010
Disability discrimination act 2005
name two alternative methods of communication for someone with cerebral palsy
eye tracking technology
picture board
what aspect of cerebral palsy may impact access to mouth and how might this be overcome
uncontrollable muscle spasm
bedi mouth prop
unbreakable mirror head
4 physical characteristics of downs syndrome (not mouth)
deep groove between first and second toes
single deep crease on palm
short neck with excess skin at the back
small head, ears and mouth
genetic change responsible for downs syndrome
trisomy of chromosome 21
2 features of downsyndrome likely to contribute to increased incidence of dental disease
impaired ability to self care - decreased OH
systemic immunodeficiency
name four risk factors for mouth cancer
smoking
alcohol
immunosuppresion
diet low in fruit and vegetables
what two pieces of info about a patients radiotherapy would you need to know
total dose
field
how would you treat a tooth in a patient with increased risk of ORN whos coronal portion is unrestorable
endodontic treatment and coronectomy
management of ORN
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
what is each part of PPE protecting you from during manual cleaning
heavy duty rubber gloves - sharps injuries
Apron - splashes
Visor - aerosols
how often should an ultrasonic be de gassed
every time it is refilled from empty
why should handpieces not be placed in ultrasonic
may be damaged by ultrasonic activity
should not be immersed as water in lumen will prevent sterilisation
4 microbial stages of caries plaque formation
adhesion
colonisation
maturation
acid production
name 2 key virulence factors of s.mutans
ATPase - pH control
glucans - attachment
name a virulence factor of enterococcus faecalis
adhesins
why is it difficult to implicate a specific bacteria in endodontic infections
hard to achieve a sterile sample
name a culture independent method of looking at microorganisms
next generation sequencing
limitations of next generation sequences
able to tell us what is present but gives limited info on clinical significance - cant tell us what each species is doing
