20.2 Stem Cells And Totipotency

Question 1

Cell differentiation definition

Answer 1

Process by which each cell develops into a specialised structure suited to the role that it will carry out

Question 2

What are totipotent cells?

Answer 2

Cells which can mature into any body cell

Question 3

What are 2 ways in which genes are prevented from expressing themselves

Answer 3

• preventing transcription

- preventing translation

Question 4

What are totipotent stem cells?

Answer 4

Can differentiate into any type of cell

Question 5

What are pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 5

Can differentiate into almost any type of cell

Question 6

What are multipotent stem cells?

Answer 6

Can differentiate into a limited number of specialised cells

Question 7

What are unipotent stem cells?

Answer 7

Can differentiate into a single type of cell

Question 8

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 8

Pluripotent cell derived from unipotent cells by inducing genes and transcriptional factors within the cell to turn on genes

Question 9

What is a use of pluripotent cells

Answer 9

• regrow tissue e.g skin tissue

- treat diseases e.g Parkinson’s disease

Question 10

what is self- renewal?

Answer 10

process where stem cells divide to produce identical copies of themselves

Question 11

why can’t xylem cells and red blood cells become unspecialised after they mature?

Answer 11

in their mature cells there is no nucleus

Question 12

how do cells become specialised?

Answer 12

certain genes are expressed and others are not at any one time

Question 13

give an example of a totipotent stem cell

Answer 13

fertilised egg

Question 14

give an example of a pluripotent stem cell

Answer 14

embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells

Question 15

give an example of a multipotent stem cell

Answer 15

umbilical cord blood stem cells

Question 16

give an example of a unipotent stem cell

Answer 16

adult tissue

Question 17

what are induced pluripotent stem cells similar to?

Answer 17

embryonic stem cells

Question 18

what uses can iPS cells do that is helpful for medical research?

Answer 18

self- renewal so no need to use embryonic stem cells

Question 19

what can induced pluripotent stem cells be used for in medicine?

Answer 19

regrow tissues

Question 20

what can embryonic stem cells different to?

Answer 20

any type of cell

Question 21

what can umbilical cord blood stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 21

red and white blood cells

Question 22

what can plantental stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 22

specific types of cells

Question 23

what an adult stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 23

same cells as to where they were produced