2019 paper mistakes

Question 1

What type of distribution refers to a situation in which the majority of participants score highly on the measure on which they are assessed?

Answer 1

Negatively skewed

Question 2

How would a ‘Type 2’ error be described?

Answer 2

Incorrectly accepting the null hypothesis

Question 3

When would it be best to use the median rather than the mean?

Answer 3

When there are few scores much lower than the rest

Question 4

A study investigating the difference in aggression between boys and girls recorded the number of times a child shouted at someone during playtime.
Which inferential tests be used to analyse the data?

Answer 4

Chi-Squared
Mann Whitney U
(both using an independent measures design)

Question 5

Answer 5

Self - ratings of aggression (1 to 10) at different times of day (10 am to 10 pm)

Question 6

In the study by Baron - Cohen et al what sampling technique was used to obtain the high-functioning adults with autism?

Answer 6

Self - selected

Question 7

What is true of a field experiment?
A - has an independent variable
B - has an independent variable that can be manipulated.
C - has an independent variable that is always naturally occurring.
D - Has no independent variable

Answer 7

A- Has an independent variable

Question 8

What is a coding frame?

Answer 8

A technique that enables qualitative data to be recorded as quantitative data

Question 9

How to calculate degrees of freedom?

Answer 9

(Number of rows - 1) x (Number of columns - 1) = Degrees of Freedom

Question 10

Statistical tests - when to reject null hypothesis for significance

Answer 10

Calculated more than critical = Chi-Squared & Spearman’s Rho

Calculated less than critical = Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxan & Sign test

Question 11

Likert Scale

Answer 11

Degrees of agreement with the statement - e.g. very often - not at all

Question 12

Semantic Scale

Answer 12

Opposite words - 7-point scale - e.g. boring - interesting

Question 13

Strengths of nominal data

Answer 13

• Easy to collect
• Easy to analyse/interpret
• Easy to present in graphical form

Question 14

Weakness of nominal data

Answer 14

• Doesn’t provide a reason for the behaviour observed
• Easy to miss some behaviours
• Can be misinterpreted
• Can’t calculate mean/ median scores as participants do not have individual scores.

Question 15

What is a ‘Type 1’ error?

Answer 15

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 16

Weaknesses of event sampling

Answer 16

• Easy to miss things when attempting to record all occurrences of behaviour studied
• More time-consuming
• Doesn’t indicate of time of the behaviour