2017 Summary Cell Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is found in bacteria cells?

A) Ribosomes 
B) Nucleus 
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi 
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

A researcher has isolated a compound with the formula C7H14O7. What type of compound is this likely to be?

Answer 2

Carbohydrate

Question 3

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 3

1.
Energy storage

2.
Electrical insulation

3. Water proofing
4. Capture of light energy

Question 4

What influences the rate at which an enzyme catalyses a reaction?

Answer 4

1.
The presence of cofactors

2. Temperature

3.
pH of the environment

4. Enzyme concentration

Question 5

What molecule is the major structural components of plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 6

A researcher investigating the uptake of substance A by a HaLa calls notices that the concentration of substance A is higher in the cell than in the culture solution the cells were grown in. On further investigation, they note that radio-labelled substance A is not taken up by the cells after treatment with an ATP synthase inhibitor.

From their results, then substance A is taken up by:

Answer 6

Active transport

Question 7

A researcher investigating a tissue in a newly found organism notices that many cells contain a large volume of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
b

Based on this fact, what is the correct conclusion the researcher should reach about these cells?

Answer 7

They are photosynthetic.

Question 8

What is the overall reaction in photosynthesis?

Answer 8

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 9

What are the following in photosynthesis:

Answer 9

1. Water is split
2. Light energy is passed to pair of electron
3. Carbon dioxide is fixed
4. NADPH is oxidised to NADP

5.
RuBP is recycled

Question 10

Approximately how many molecules of ATP will be produced by a mitochondria oxidising one molecule of FADH2?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Which of the following processes occurs in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

The role of tRNA is to:

Answer 12

Transport amino acids to the building polypeptide

Question 13

Contains a ribose sugar, with carbons numbered 1’ through 5’. A base is attached to the 1’ position, in general, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U). Adenine and guanine are purines, cytosine, and uracil (pyrimidines)

Answer 13

Ribonucleic acid

Question 14

The role of transcription factors is to:

Answer 14

Initiate DNA transcription

Question 15

Depurination is a common form of DNA damage in which a purine base detaches from the rest of the nucleotide and is lost from the DNA.

What is the most common cause of deprivation?

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

Which DNA repair mechanism repairs a single stranded DNA break?

Answer 16

Base excision repair

Question 17

In biotechnology, the term Transfection refers to:

Answer 17

Insertion of a transgendered into an organism

Question 18

In the polymerase chain reaction, reach thermal cycle increases the amount of DNA in the sample by:

Answer 18

X2

Question 19

What are the secondary messengers in cell signalling?

Answer 19

1.
cAMP

2.
Ca2+

3.
Nitric oxide

4.
IP3

Question 20

The signal transduction pathway refers to:

Answer 20

The transmission of signal from cell receptor to intracellular target.

Question 21

The purpose of meiosis is to:

Answer 21

Produce gamete cells

Question 22

Give a statement about genetics?

Answer 22

A single trait can be affected by many different genes

Question 23

Conjugation

Answer 23

The process by which bacterial genomic DNA is directly passed between two temporarily joined bacterial cells.

Question 24

Give a statement about bacterial endotoxins:

Answer 24

They produce several symptoms, i.e. fevers and aches.

Question 25

What are the following stages in the replication cycle of a virus:

Answer 25

1.
Adsorption

2.
Penetration

3.
Uncoating

4. Synthesis
5. Release