2016 Summary Cell Biology Flashcards
Which of the following is not an organelle:
A) Plasmid B) Nucleus C) Mitochondrion D) Golgi E) Endoplasmic reticulum
A) Plasmid
Proteins are polymers made form which of the following sub-unit?
Amino acids
What chemical group is -SH?
Sulfhydryl
Which is the TRUE statement about unsaturated fatty acids?
They contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
State the following about enzyme cofactors:
[1]
They are non-protein ‘helpers’ required for enzyme function.
[2]
Vitamins often function as cofactors
[3]
Cofactors can be loosely bound to the enzyme
[4]
They heavy metals Cu and Zn are important cofactors
A researcher investigating a tissue in a newly found organism notices that many of the cells contain a high number of mitochondria.
Based on this fact, what is the correct conclusion the research should reach about these cells?
They have a high energy demand
The general structure of a nucleic acid consist of:
A pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
The role of mRNA is to:
Transfer the DNA message to the ribosomes
Products of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are:
High energy molecules
Why is Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) is known to be the abundant and and important enzyme on the planet?
What is the role of photosynthesis?
It catalyses the fixation of carbon dioxide
The following steps in aerobic respiration:
- Glucose is split
- Pyruvic acid is shuttled into the mitochondria
- Carbon dioxide is produced
- NADH is oxidised to NAD
- Pyruvic acid is shuttled into the mitochondria
Which DNA repair mechanism is most effectively in repairing DNA damage caused by a bulky DNA lesion?
Nucleotide excision repair
The signal transduction pathway refers to:
The transmission of signal from cell receptor to intracellular target.
A scientist investigating a chromosome mutation discovers that it is due to part of one chromosome not of the homologous pair.
This type of mutation is called:
Translocation
In a DNA double helix, which nucleotide base pairs with adenine?
Thymine
The TATA box is:
The site where transcription factors bind to DNA
In which stage of cell division are sister chromatids separated?
Anaphase
Where in the human body is meiotic cell division most likely to occur?
In the gonads
In a plant, the tall characteristic (T) is dominant over short (t). In a monohybrid cross, two tall plants produce 3 tall and 1 short offspring. What are the genotypes of the parent?
Tt, Tt
Alternative forms of the same gene are called
Alleles
The β-lactam class of antibiotics kill bacteria by
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Which of Whittaker’s 5 kingdoms do viruses fit into:
None, it does not have a kingdom
In which age group are cancer rates at their highest?
80-84
The purpose of Glucuronidation in the endoplasmic reticulum is to:
Turn excess glucose into fat
In the Warburg effect:
Mitochondria ‘switch off’
