2016 Summary Cell Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is not an organelle:

A) Plasmid 
B) Nucleus 
C) Mitochondrion 
D) Golgi 
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

A) Plasmid

Question 2

Proteins are polymers made form which of the following sub-unit?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What chemical group is -SH?

Answer 3

Sulfhydryl

Question 4

Which is the TRUE statement about unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 4

They contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

Question 5

State the following about enzyme cofactors:

Answer 5

[1]
They are non-protein ‘helpers’ required for enzyme function.

[2]
Vitamins often function as cofactors

[3]
Cofactors can be loosely bound to the enzyme

[4]
They heavy metals Cu and Zn are important cofactors

Question 6

A researcher investigating a tissue in a newly found organism notices that many of the cells contain a high number of mitochondria.

Based on this fact, what is the correct conclusion the research should reach about these cells?

Answer 6

They have a high energy demand

Question 7

The general structure of a nucleic acid consist of:

Answer 7

A pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 8

The role of mRNA is to:

Answer 8

Transfer the DNA message to the ribosomes

Question 9

Products of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are:

Answer 9

High energy molecules

Question 10

Why is Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) is known to be the abundant and and important enzyme on the planet?

What is the role of photosynthesis?

Answer 10

It catalyses the fixation of carbon dioxide

Question 11

The following steps in aerobic respiration:

Answer 11

1. Glucose is split
2. Pyruvic acid is shuttled into the mitochondria
3. Carbon dioxide is produced
4. NADH is oxidised to NAD
5. Pyruvic acid is shuttled into the mitochondria

Question 12

Which DNA repair mechanism is most effectively in repairing DNA damage caused by a bulky DNA lesion?

Answer 12

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 13

The signal transduction pathway refers to:

Answer 13

The transmission of signal from cell receptor to intracellular target.

Question 14

A scientist investigating a chromosome mutation discovers that it is due to part of one chromosome not of the homologous pair.

This type of mutation is called:

Answer 14

Translocation

Question 15

In a DNA double helix, which nucleotide base pairs with adenine?

Answer 15

Thymine

Question 16

The TATA box is:

Answer 16

The site where transcription factors bind to DNA

Question 17

In which stage of cell division are sister chromatids separated?

Answer 17

Anaphase

Question 18

Where in the human body is meiotic cell division most likely to occur?

Answer 18

In the gonads

Question 19

In a plant, the tall characteristic (T) is dominant over short (t). In a monohybrid cross, two tall plants produce 3 tall and 1 short offspring. What are the genotypes of the parent?

Answer 19

Tt, Tt

Question 20

Alternative forms of the same gene are called

Answer 20

Alleles

Question 21

The β-lactam class of antibiotics kill bacteria by

Answer 21

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 22

Which of Whittaker’s 5 kingdoms do viruses fit into:

Answer 22

None, it does not have a kingdom

Question 23

In which age group are cancer rates at their highest?

Answer 23

80-84

Question 24

The purpose of Glucuronidation in the endoplasmic reticulum is to:

Answer 24

Turn excess glucose into fat

Question 25

In the Warburg effect:

Answer 25

Mitochondria ‘switch off’