2017 MSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between reversible & irreversible pulpitis and how can you test for each?

A

REVERSIBLE PULPITIS
- inflammation and discomfort go away when you remove the aetiology/source of problem
- characterised by short sharp pain/sensitivity on application of cold stimulus which lingers for a few seconds
- does not hurt spontaneously

IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS
- pulpal inflammation does not go away even after removal of cause, inflammation causes pulp tissue to die.
- characterised by pain on thermal stimulus, lingering pain for longer than 30s after stimulus removed
- spontaneous pain
- keeps patient awake

TESTS = sensibility testing (ethyl chloride, hot GP points), electro stimulation pulp tests

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2
Q

Patient has sensibility to heat & cold, lasts for a few seconds.. what is the diagnosis?

A
  • reversible pulpitis
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3
Q

Patient has pain on pressure, what is the diagnosis?

A

Symptomatic apical periodontitis/acute apical abscess if pus present

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4
Q

Explain gaseous porosity:

A

Voids occurring in the material when PMMA is cured fast; monomer boils & this usually happens in thicker acrylic sections

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5
Q

Give 2 reasons why you cannot leave acrylic dentures in dry environment for too long?

A
  • acrylic becomes brittle if overdried
  • warping can occur (therefor wont fit patient correctly)
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6
Q

Discuss 2 thermal properties of acrylic dentures and why they are important:

A
  1. Low thermal conductivity = denture base not able to transmit heat well to palate, patient will be less sensitive to hot foods/drinks and may get scalded
  2. High softening temperature = allows the denture to maintain its shape/tolerate hot foods or drinks, patient should not clean dentures in boiling water
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7
Q

What radiograph can be taken in a highly uncooperative child for examination of carious teeth 16, 36 & 46?

A

OPT with deciduous dentition setting

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8
Q

If teeth 16, 36 and 46 need to be extracted from a childs mouth what should you do with tooth 26?

A

compensating extraction

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9
Q

What 2 thinks should you look out for on a radiograph when looking to extract a childs 6s?

A
  • development of bifurcation of 7
  • premolars and 8s present
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10
Q

What are 2 advantages of extracting 6s from a child (assume at the correct time)?

A
  • carious free dentition
  • 7s will experience mesial drift to close space left by 6
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11
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of extracting 6s from a child (assume at the correct time)?

A
  • risks associated with GA
  • negative experience of extraction can affect child at future dental appointments
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12
Q

If you were to do an extraction on a 3 year old child, what must occur?

A
  • GA or inhalation sedation
  • ascertain who has parental responsibility
  • gain consent (explain procedure, risks, alternate treatment options)
  • write referral letter for GA
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13
Q

A patient needs an extraction of a mandibular premolar (in an otherwise healthy dentition), what 4 common peri-operative complications can occur?

A
  • haemorrhage
  • soft tissue damage
  • damage to nerve
  • tooth/root fracture
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14
Q

A patient needs an extraction of a mandibular premolar (in an otherwise healthy dentition), what 2 types of LA needed for this extraction?

A
  • inferior alveolar nerve (IDB)
  • lingual nerve (infiltration or lingual block)
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15
Q

How would you test if anaesthesia has been achieved after giving a patient LA for extraction of lower premolar?

A
  • probe around tooth and check for any presentation of pain
  • ask if patients lip/chin feels numb
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16
Q

What are the 3 different types of neuro-sensory complications that can occur after LA administration?

A
  1. Paraesthesia (tingling)
  2. Hypoaesthesia (no sensation)
  3. Anaesthesia ( lack of sensation)
17
Q

Child patient attends your clinic with trauma. Give signs that trauma was non-accidental:

A
  • injuries to both sides of body
  • delayed presentation of injury
  • mismatched story/story does not match injury
  • child behaviour around parent
18
Q

What are 2 effects of trauma on primary teeth?

A
  • delayed exfoliation
  • discolouration
19
Q

What are 4 side effects of trauma to primary teeth on permanent tooth?

A
  • delayed eruption
  • enamel defect
  • abnormal anatomy formation
  • arrested tooth formation
20
Q

A child presents to your practise with a digit sucking habit, give 4 ways to manage this?

A
  • bad tasting nail varnish
  • URA with a crib/rake
  • place elastomers on fingers
  • identify any triggers
21
Q

Give 4 occlusal presentations of a digit sucking habit:

A
  • proclined upper incisors
  • posterior cross bite
  • anterior open bite
  • retroclined lower incisors
22
Q

What happens to posterior dentition during thumb sucking? what is the result?

A
  • thumb placed where tongue should be
  • cheek muscles gradually push upper teeth palatally leading to narrow upper arch
  • when teeth meet together posterior crossbite is observed
23
Q

What is the definition of SIMD (Scottish Index Multiple Deprivation)?

A

Are based index which ranks data zone in Scotland in order of deprivation based on a range of domains including:
- housing
- income
- geographical access to public services
- health services
- crime
- education
- employment

24
Q

Give 4 modifiable aetiologies of head and neck cancer:

A
  • tobacco use
  • alcohol use
  • HPV
  • sun exposure
  • poor diet
25
Q

Patient attends with a unerupted central incisor. What are the two common reasons for an unerupted central incisor?

A
  • trauma
  • supernumerary tooth
26
Q

List 4 steps you would follow to help with the diagnosis of an unerupted central incisor:

A
  • detailed history (any trauma incidents)
  • intraoral examination = check sequence of eruption/presence of contralateral tooth/rotation or displacment of other teeth in region
  • check for labial or palatal swellings that could indicate tooth
  • take radiograph
27
Q

What antibiotic is prescribed for acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis? give dosage

A

Metronidazole (400mg, 3 times daily for 3 days)

28
Q

Why do we run a de-gas cycle in ultrasonic machine?

A

oxygen/air inhibits cavitation and resulting bubbles have lower intensity when imploded, this would reduce the efficacy of the machine in cleaning

29
Q

Why are we not supposed to place hand-pieces in ultrasonic cleaner?

A

ultrasonic activity can damage the high-speed turbine of the hand piece

30
Q

What are the constituents of GP cones?

A
  • gutta percha (15%)
  • zinc oxide (65%)
  • radiopacifier (15%)
  • plasticier (5%)