2015 module exam Flashcards
Innervation to gemellus inferior?
a. nerve to obturator internus
b. nerve to quadratus femoris
c. superior gluteal nerve
d. inferior gluteal nerve
b. nerve to quadratus femoris
Product of de-novo purine synthesis? A) IMP B) AMP C) Ribose 5 phosphate D) 5 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
A) IMP
inosine monophosphate
What causes medial flexion of hip? A) quadratus femoris B) gluteus maximus C) piriformis D) gluteus medius
D) gluteus medius
What is miniature EPP?
A) single acetylcholine molecule is released
B) single vesicle is released from the presynaptic end
B) single vesicle is released from the presynaptic end
What will result if extracellular calcium concentration decreased from 2.5 to 1.5 (lower than normal levels)?
Less EPP will be produced
What would happen if Strautosporin was administered in a synapse?
less phosphorylation of synapse protein
What is the function of Synapsin?
fixation of the synaptic vesicle to the actin cytoskeleton
What allows propagation of AP in an axon?
Sodium channels
What is the function of T tubule?
propagation of AP
A 70-year-old male with osteoporosis, which of the following is true about osteoporosis?
A) estrogen-mediated bone loss
B) osteoclast dysfunction
C) osteoblast forming weak osteoid
C) osteoblast forming weak osteoid
A 63-year-old female. What is most likely the cause of her osteoporosis?
A) postmenopausal effect
B) vitamin D deficiency
A) postmenopausal effect
What is the mutation found in Ewing sarcoma?
Translocation (11, 22)
A person fell from a bike and injured his C8, T1. Which is true?
A) weak flexion of elbow
B) weak adduction of the thumb
B) weak adduction of the thumb
A cohort study smoking risk factor of smoking in SLE with age and gender as covariates. What would be the best choice to eliminate confounding get the most information?
Cox multivariate regression, Time to event outcome
Why do we use logistic regression?
the outcome is binary categorical
Why is it a major challenge to study the epidemiology of OA?
Because there is no correlation between the radiological and clinical findings
Dancers fracture?
A) Talus
B) Calcaneus
C) Metatarsals
C) Metatarsals
which of the following is not used with gold compounds because it chelates metals?
D-penicillamine
Which drug inhibits iL-2?
cycolsporin A
which drug won’t cause bone marrow suppression?
cyclosporin A
Which drug is given IV every 2 weeks to treat gout?
Pegloticase
During the proliferative phase of bone healing, what will you find?
A) Hematoma
B) Granulation tissue
C) Soft callus
B) Granulation tissue
A 4-year-old boy has osteogenesis imperfecta and fractured his arm, what type of fracture is this? A) Pathological B) Compound C) Simple D) Greenstick
A) Pathological
Mass on chest wall after lymphadenectomy and breast radiation?
angiosarcoma
What is linked to SLE onset/exacerbates it? A) high TGF-a B) t cell apoptosis C) dysfunctional neutrophils D) MHC gene
D) MHC gene
What’s true about lamellar bone?
A) Has parallel collagen fibers
B) Is later converted to woven bone
A) Has parallel collagen fibers
A woman got a tick bite and later developed arthritis, what is the diagnosis?
Lyme disease
what’s the function of aggrecan in collagen?
A) water retention
B) cross links collagen to hyaluronic acid
A) water retention
MELAS is caused by mutation in what tRNA?
A) lysine
B) leucine
C) glutamic acid
B) leucine
Severe deficiency in what causes impaired collagen production?
Vit C
What’s the innervation of hypaxial muscles? A) ventral ramus B) ventral root C) dorsal ramus D) dorsal root
A) ventral ramus
Hemophilus influenza is common in what age group?
A) 3 months to 2 years
B) 10-12 years
C) 20-30 years
A) 3 months to 2 years
What organism is responsible for osteomyelitis in a diabetic person?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
In SLE, what is the most common cause of avascular necrosis?
A) change in RBC morphology
B) ab against IgG
C) corticosteroid therapy
C) corticosteroid therapy
vasculitis wasn’t an option, nor was thrombosis/embolism
What describes the pathophysiology of RA?
A) Th1 cells and immune complexes
B) Th1 and NK cells
A) Th1 cells and immune complexes
Rituximab binds on what cells?
A) T cells
B) monocytes
C) B cells
C) B cells
What is responsible for the extended structure of proteoglycans?
Polysaccharide negative charges
Deposition of immune complex in RA induces what?
A) Ab formation
B) inflammation
C) Th2 cytokine production
B) inflammation
A 50-year-old man presented with shooting pain to his lower leg, he had an Intervertebral disk prolapse, what is the initial step to manage this patient?
A) Bed rest and follow up
B) NSAIDs and Physiotherapy
B) NSAIDs and Physiotherapy
Which component is needed for de novo synthesis and purine salvage pathways? A) IMP B) AMP C) Xanthine D) Guanine E) Ribose 5 phosphate F) 5 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
F) 5 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
What causes defective clearance of immune complexes in SLE?
Defective complements
What is the mechanism of methotrexate?
A) Metabolized to mercaptopurine which inhibits DNA
B) Inhibits IL2
C) Inhibits JAK
D) Competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
D) Competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
What structure is torn due to hyper-eversion of the ankle joint?
a. Tibial collateral ligament
b. Fibular collateral ligament
c. Lower border of the patella
d. Medial to the patellar ligament
e. Deltoid ligament
e. Deltoid ligament
What is hurt with hyper dorsiflexion of foot?
Head of talus
Which group of muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the arm?
a) Infraspinatous & teres minor
b) subscapularis
c) subclavicus
a) Infraspinatous & teres minor
Ligation of the axillary artery on the second part may move blood in reverse direction in which artery? A) subscapular B) anterior circumflex C) lateral thoracic D) superior thoracic E) thoracoacromial
A) subscapular
A 70-year-old man complained of clicking and pain of his right knee. There was significant varus deformity of both legs. What is the diagnosis? A) RA B) OA C) SLE D) Septic Arthritis E) Reactive Arthritis F) AS G) Paget’s disease
B) OA
What forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa A) Pronator teres B) Brachialis C) Biceps brachii D) Brachioradialis
D) Brachioradialis
A person with a laceration in the anterior compartment of the wrist and hand, had nothing wrong with the motor but sensory loss above the thumb part of the palmar area, which nerve is severed? A) Median B) Radial C) Ulnar D) Musculocutaneous
A) Median
(diagram) Which of the following activates glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen phosphorylase kinase?
A) ATP and Cl-
B) AMP and Ca+2
B) AMP and Ca+2