2013/14

Question 1

1) Which of the features listed below are associated with both cilia and flagella?

i) Possession of axonemes
ii) Formed by a basal body
iii) Rotated due to the activity of a basal rotary motor
iv) Show “intraflagellar transport”
v) Surrounded by the plasma membrane

Answer 1

i, ii, iv, v

Question 2

Which of the following components are NOT involved in fusion of a transport vesicle with a target membrane?

a) vSNARE
b) tSNARE
c) Rab-GTPase
d) Rab-binding tethering factor
e) Membrane-bound ion channels

Answer 2

e

Question 3

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) supports

a) synthesis of lipids
b) production of ATP
c) processing of secreted proteins
d) photosynthesis
e) transcription

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Exocytosis is

a) the release of material into the extracellular space
b) the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane
c) the cell wall that is surrounding plant cells
d) a way of signalling extracellular cues to the nucleus
e) a crucial step in mitosis

Answer 4

a

Question 5

Which statements hold true for the nuclear lamina of animal cells?

i) They contain nuclear lamins
ii) They help the cell to organise the nucleus
iii) They are considered to be cytoskeletal structures
iv) They disassemble during mitosis
v) They are formed between the two lipid bi-layers of the nuclear envelope

Answer 5

i, ii, iii, iv, v - all of them

Question 6

Considering protein kinases, which statements apply?

i) They transfer a phosphate group onto proteins
ii) They can be phosphorylated themselves
iii) They oppose the dephosphorylating activity of phosphatases
iv) They control numerous cellular processes and are very abundant in the human
genome
v) They can integrate information from several pathways

Answer 6

i, ii, iii, iv, v - all of them

Question 7

Which of the following applies to molecular motors?

i) They are enzymes that hydrolyse ATP in order to move along the cytoskeleton
ii) They are enzymes that hydrolyse fatty acids in order to move along the cytoskeleton
iii) They move cargo (such as membranous organelles or vesicles) through the cell
iv) They make steps along microtubules or F-actin
v) They utilise intermediate filaments for long-distance transport of cargo

Answer 7

i, iii, iv,

Question 8

Lipid droplets are fat storage compartments that are

a) taken up by phagocytosis
b) generated at the smooth ER
c) budded off the mitochondria
d) involved with processing oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins
e) made in the cytoplasm

Answer 8

b

Question 9

Cells can initiate their own death by a process named

a) cytokinesis
b) cancer
c) mitosis
d) apoptosis
e) autophagy

Answer 9

d

Question 10

Cell-cell connections in animal epithelial cells serve the following functions

i) Allowing the diffusion of ions and water between cells
ii) Organize the actin cytoskeleton
iii) Limiting diffusion between cells and over the epithelium iv) Anchoring intermediate filaments
v) Connecting to the extracellular matrix

Answer 10

i, ii, iii, iv, v - all of them

Question 11

The following “organelles” can be found in some lineages of bacteria:

i) Chloroplasts
ii) Magnetosomes
iii) Bacteria do not have organelles
iv) Nucleoli
v) Endosomes

Answer 11

ii

Question 12

Cell division in bacteria is mediated by

a) ParM b) Act1 c) MamK d) MreB e) Mbl

Answer 12

?

Question 13

Moss mutant cells that have no FtsZ contain

a) larger nuclei
b) larger endosomes
c) longer mitochondria
d) longer chloroplasts
e) fewer microtubules

Answer 13

d

Question 14

Bacterial pili are

a) points of replication of the bacterial genome
b) sites of chemotropic signalling
c) dynamic extensions of the cell
d) cytoskeletal elements in the cell
e) secreted polysaccharides that help cell motility

Answer 14

c

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the fungal cytoskeleton

a) Intermediate filaments
b) F-actin
c) Microtubules
d) Molecular motors
e) All of the above

Answer 15

a

Question 16

True fungi grow as

i) hyphae
ii) pseudohyphae
iii) amoebae
iv) yeasts
v) eggs

Answer 16

i, iv

Question 17

The Woronin body is

a) a peroxisomal structure that closes septa upon damage of fungal cells
b) a stack of membranes involved in the processing of proteins
c) a part of the basal body of eukaryotic flagella/cilia
d) a complex of proteins that mediates nuclear import/export in fungi
e) a cluster of endocytic and exocytic vesicles that support fungal growth

Answer 17

a

Question 18

Bacterial viruses are called

a) enveloped viruses
b) naked viruses
c) phages
d) plaques
e) virions

Answer 18

c

Question 19

A virus particle can contain which of the following components?

i) Capsid proteins
ii) A membrane coat
iii) Enzymes (e.g. lytic enzymes)
iv) DNA
v) RNA

Answer 19

i, ii, iii, iv, v - all of them

Question 20

Chloroplasts are characterised by the following:

i) they are surrounded by a double membrane
ii) they contain cristae
iii) they fix carbon dioxide using NADH and ATP (carbon fixation cycle)
iv) they are the sites of photosynthesis
v) they are the sites of cell respiration

Answer 20

i, iii, iv

Question 21

Which of the following organelles does NOT belong to the group of plant plastids?

a) Etioplasts
b) Kinetoplasts
c) Chloroplasts
d) Chromoplasts
e) Amyloplasts

Answer 21

b

Question 22

Which of the following organelles is/are bounded by a double membrane?

i) mitochondria
ii) nuclei
iii) peroxisomes
iv) lysosomes
v) chloroplasts

Answer 22

i, ii, v

Question 23

Proteins in mitochondria are encoded by

i) genomic DNA
ii) chloroplast DNA
iii) mitochondrial DNA

Answer 23

i, iii

Question 24

In which organelles are proton gradients used to acidify the lumen?

i) Lysosomes
ii) Endosomes
iii) Mitochondria
iv) Peroxisomes
v) Chloroplasts

Answer 24

i, ii, iii, v

Question 25

According to the endosymbiont theory, what are the major steps in the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

i) Infolding of a plasma membrane forming the nucleus
ii) Spontaneous formation of lipid compartments generating the endoplasmic
reticulum
iii) Engulfment of a heterotrophic prokaryote resulting in mitochondria
iv) Uptake of photosynthetic cyanobacteria leading to chloroplasts
v) Uptake of bacteria resulting in peroxisomes

Answer 25

iii, iv

Question 26

Current cellular endosymbiosis is/are found in

i) corals which contain photosynthetic dinoflagellates
ii) sea-slugs that engulfed chloroplasts from their algal food iii) lichens where fungi and unicellular algae live together

Answer 26

i, ii, iii

Question 27

Which of the following statements about viruses are TRUE?

i) Viruses have a metabolism
ii) Viruses are cells
iii) Viruses can be surrounded by a membrane
iv) Viruses contain RNA or DNA

Answer 27

iii, iv

Question 28

Brownian motion can be observed under the microscope. This process is based on

a) collision of water molecules with the moving object
b) active transport along the microtubules
c) contraction of muscle fibres
d) cytoplasmic streaming
e) active transport along actin cables

Answer 28

a

Question 29

Plasmodesmata are

a) extensions of the cytoplasm that are surrounded by a plasma membrane
b) pores in the nuclear envelope that mediate nuclear transport
c) cell-cell contacts between plant cells that mediate exchange processes
d) contractile extensions that support cell movement
e) aggregates of ribosomes that translate proteins in the cytoplasm

Answer 29

c

Question 30

Which bio-polymers have glucose as their basic unit?

i) Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)
ii) Cellulose
iii) Amylopectin
iv) Starch
v) Glycogen

Answer 30

ii, iii, iv, v

Question 31

What are the arguments that support the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are derived from free-living prokaryotes (endosymbiont theory)?

i) Like bacteria, both organelles have a circular genome
ii) Like bacteria, both organelles have smaller 70S ribosomes
iii) Both organelles have a double membrane, indicating early phagocytosis
iv) Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts have thylakoid membranes
v) Bacteria and chloroplasts use FtsZ for cell separation

Answer 31

i, ii, iii, iv, v - all of them

Question 32

Hair and nails mainly consist of

a) keratin
b) kinesin
c) collagen
d) cellulose
e) microtubules

Answer 32

a

Question 33

Primary cilia

a) are the first cilia that an embryo forms
b) mature into secondary cilia
c) are structures that take part in cellular signalling
d) are structures mainly composed of actin-bundles
e) are used by sperm cells to swim

Answer 33

c

Question 34

Which of the following are filaments of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

i) Microtubules
ii) F-Actin
iii) ParM filaments
iv) Cellulose microfibres
v) Intermediate filaments

Answer 34

i, ii, v

Question 35

A major function of the Golgi apparatus is

a) translating proteins
b) storing carbohydrates
c) metabolising fat
d) being the site of transcription
e) processing the oligosaccharide chain of secreted glycoproteins

Answer 35

e

Question 36

Which of the following features of gene expression is/are TRUE for eukaryotes AND prokaryotes?

i) Translation and transcription happens in one compartment
ii) mRNA is processed before being exported into the cytosol
iii) RNA-polymerase produces an mRNA strand
iv) One gene is encoded per mRNA
v) Transcription is followed by translation

Answer 36

iii, v

Question 37

Prokaryote and eukaryote ribosomes consist of

i) DNAs
ii) messenger RNAs
iii) ribosomal RNAs
iv) proteins
v) carbohydrates

Answer 37

iii, iv

Question 38

Cholesterol has the following functions

i) it serves as an energy store
ii) it is the precursor of a vitamin
iii) it modifies the fluidity of membranes
iv) it is used to synthesise sex hormones
v) none of these

Answer 38

ii, iii, iv

Question 39

Which of the following subcellular structures are NOT found in eukaryotes?

a) Nuclei
b) Nucleoids
c) Nucleoli
d) Nucleasomes
e) Nuclear envelopes

Answer 39

b

Question 40

The “three domains of life” classification system

i) claims that all living organisms belong to three groups
ii) groups Archaea and Bacteria in the group of prokaryota iii) is based on a comparison of ribosomal protein sequences
iv) is based on ribosomal RNA sequences
v) groups plants, animals and fungi in the “eukaryota”

Answer 40

i, iv, v