2008 june Flashcards
suggest two ways in which the arctic fox is adapted for life in very cold conditions. Explain how each adaptation helps the arctic fox to survive in very cold conditions (4)
✏️ long / thick hair / fur ✏️ for insulation
✏️ small ears ✏️ for reduced heat loss
✏️ small feet ✏️ for reduced heat loss
✏️ white fur / coat ✏️ for camouflage / poor emitter
✏️ small SA/V ratio ✏️ reduces heat loss
✏️ thick layer of fat ✏️ insulates / keeps warm
suggest two adaptations that help this antelope to avoid being killed by predators. explain how each adaptation helps the antelope to avoid being killed by predators (4)
✏️ horns ✏️ for defence
✏️ long legs ✏️ for speed / escape / vision
✏️ light colour ✏️ for camouflage
✏️ eyes on side of head ✏️ for wider field of vision
✏️ hooves ✏️ for speed / escape
✏️ large ears ✏️ to hear predators better
explain the link between carbon dioxide emissions and the greenhouse effect (2)
✏️ carbon dioxide absorbs / traps / re-radiates / insulates
✏️ energy / heat / radiation
give one possible outcome of the greenhouse effect on the environment (1)
global warming / melting icecaps / climate change / rise in sea levels / flooding
a large supermarket chain is advertising ‘our goal is to make our business carbon neutral in the next five years’.
why does the supermarket management think that this will attract more customers? (1)
customers concerned with the environment / green issues (will be attracted) owtte
how does supermarkets obtaining as much food as possible from british sources help the environment? (2)
✏️ reduces transport of food
✏️ less carbon dioxide / greenhouse gas / emissions / harmful gases / lower carbon footprint (from transport)
why does bacteria make us feel ill? (1)
produce toxins / poisons
why do viruses make us feel ill? (1)
damage / kills cells or toxins released from cell
most drugs that kill bacteria cannot be used to treat viral infections. explain why (2)
✏️ viruses live inside cells
✏️ viruses inaccessible to drug
✏️ drug would damage body cells / tissue
antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are causing problems in most hospitals. explain, as fully as you can, why there has been a large increase in the number of
antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria (4)
✏️ overuse of antibiotics ✏️ bacteria mutate ✏️ antibiotics kill non-resistant strains or idea of selection ✏️ reduced competition ✏️ resistant bacteria reproduce
a crossbill feeds by using its bill (beak) to force apart the scales on conifer cones. it then uses its tongue to extract the seeds. if the bill is clipped it grows back again. scientists were interested in the evolution of the bill of the crossbill. in an investigation, they clipped the bills of several crossbills so that their bills no longer crossed. they observed that crossbills with clipped bills took much longer to get seeds. use information from the investigation to suggest an explanation for the evolution of the bill in the crossbill. in your explanation, use the ideas of selection, competition and mutation (4)
✏️ mutation produced a bird whose bill was crossed
✏️ birds compete for food / seeds
✏️ mutant crossbill able to obtain food faster / easier / more successfully
✏️ selected for or more likely to survive
✏️ reproduce / mate / breed / produce offspring
describe the roles of FSH (2)
✏️ FSH stimulates eggs to mature
✏️ FSH stimulates oestrogen production
describe the role of oestrogen (2)
✏️ oestrogen stimulates LH production
✏️ oestrogen inhibits FSH production
✏️ oestrogen causes build-up of uterine / womb lining
describe the role of LH (1)
✏️ LH stimulates egg release
